PdCl 2 on modified poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride): A highly active and recyclable catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira reactions

Solid-Supported Palladium Catalysts in Sonogashira Reactions: Recent Developments

“…Moreover, MWCNTs has been functionalized with the drug pramipexole and used for the supporting of PdNPs [67]. The resulting material Pd(0)Pramipexole@MWCNTs (30) has been employed to catalyze the coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with phenylacetylene, the catalyst being recovered after centrifugation and reused five times keeping its activity. Graphene oxide (GO) has also been functionalized to support palladium species destined to catalyze the Sonogashira reaction ( Figure 11).…”

“…Moreover, the tetrazole-supported complex 13 catalyzes the Sonogashira process of aryl iodides and bromides in water as solvent, using triethylamine as base and TBAB as additive, the catalyst being recovered and reused up to five times in the reaction between 4-methyliodobenzene and phenylacetylene with decreasing in the observed final yield from 94% to 89% (Figure 4) [29]. Furthermore, a poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) modified with 2-aminothiazole moieties has been reported for the immobilization of palladium(II) dichloride, the resulting material 14 being suitable as catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorobenzene with terminal acetylenes, using pyridine as base and in the absence of solvent ( Figure 4) [30]. The catalyst was recycled up to five times, showing almost no decreasing activity, as well as low palladium leaching.…”

In situ prepared copper nanoparticles on modified KIT-5 as an efficient recyclable catalyst and its applications in click reactions in water

“…Heravi et al applied successfully the modified KIT-5 with polymer, as a support for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles to make it an effective and powerful catalyst and used it in a Pd catalyzed reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction [37]. Armed with this back ground, we contemplated the amination of KIT-5 with 3-amino-triethoxysilane.…”

“…Thus, we thought, it is worthwhile being tested for the modification of KIT-5 in order to prepare a new and an influential and cost-effective support. In the following, copper iodides were successfully immobilized on modified KIT-5 using found optimized conditions that involving, mmol ratio of amine to mmol of Cu of 2.4:1.0 [37], to afford the desired CuI/AK catalyst. Morphology and location of metallic species on the surface of the catalyst were analyzed by SEM microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXS) and wide-angle XRD (WAXRD) pattern.…”

“…Recently, we have performed a computational study to find a quantitative description for metal-ligand interactions in the modified poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) palladium nanocatalyst [37]. Armed with this experience, we concentrated on a comparative assessment of metal-ligand interactions in copper-aminated KIT-5 nanocatalyst 4 (CuI/AK) in the presence of two different solvents: acetonitrile and dimethylformamide (DMF) by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations [38] to investigate the solvent effect on experimental affordance of CuI/AK complexation reaction.…”