Pd nanoparticles embedded in sponge-like porous silica as a Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst: Similarities and differences with homogeneous catalysts

Budroni, Gerolamo; Corma, Avelino; Garcı́a, Hermenegildo; Primo, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2007.07.027

Cited by 101 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…An interesting approach to Pd@SiO 2 materials was provided by Budroni et al [50] They first prepared Pd nanoparticles protected by a mixture of an alkyl thiol and another one bearing a triethoxysilane moiety at one end. This last functionality was used to condense SiO 2 precursors around the particles to yield a sponge-like silica framework with embedded Pd particles inside.…”

Section: Palladiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Phases: A Way to Active and Stable Catalysts

et al. 2010

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Industrial catalysts are typically made of nanosized metal particles, carried by a solid support. The extremely small size of the particles maximizes the surface area exposed to the reactant, leading to higher reactivity. Moreover, the higher the number of metal atoms in contact with the support, the better the catalyst performance. In addition, peculiar properties have been observed for some metal/metal oxide particles of critical sizes. However, thermal stability of these nanostructures is limited by their size; smaller the particle size, the lower the thermal stability. The ability to fabricate and control the structure of nanoparticles allows to influence the resulting properties and, ultimately, to design stable catalysts with the desired characteristics. Tuning particle sizes provides the possibility to modulate the catalytic activity. Unique and unexpected properties have been observed by confining/embedding metal nanoparticles in inorganic channels or cavities, which indeed offers new opportunities for the design of advanced catalytic sytems. Innovation in catalyst design is a powerful tool in realizing the goals of more green, efficient and sustainable industrial processes. The present Review focuses on the catalytic performance of noble metal‐ and non precious metal‐based embedded catalysts with respect to traditional impregnated systems. Emphasis is dedicated to the improved thermal stability of these nanostructures compared to conventional systems.

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Section: Palladiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Phases: A Way to Active and Stable Catalysts

et al. 2010

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“…After addition of TEOS (4.16 g), the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 15 C for 24 h. The solid product was collected by filtration and washed with water and ethanol, and finally dried in air. The as-synthesized sample was washed with toluene to remove the unembedded Au NPs.…”

Section: Preparation Of Au/fdu-12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of metal nanoparticles within nanocages of mesoporous silicas aided by co-surfactants

Liu

Yang

et al. 2012

J. Mater. Chem.

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We demonstrated an efficient approach for in situ encapsulation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into nanocages of mesoporous silicas using a co-surfactant as the transportation medium. By using this approach, colloidal Pt and Au NPs were successfully encapsulated into the nanocages of cagelike mesoporous silicas (CMS) and FDU-12 using co-surfactants butanol and mesitylene (TMB) as the transportation medium, respectively. The prepared Pt/CMS catalysts are active and highly selective in the hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene (CNB) to the corresponding chloroaniline (CAN). The catalyst prepared by the in situ method is superior to the catalyst prepared by the traditional solution impregnation method. This work provides a new approach for the synthesis of the mesoporous materials with encapsulated metal NPs.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][15][16][17][18] The principle of most tests is the withdrawal of one of the catalyst forms from the reaction by any chemical or physical manipulation followed by measurement of the catalytic activity. But the most difficult situation might appear when catalyst forms (for instance dissolved and solid) are able to interconvert directly during the catalytic reaction.…”

Section: The Suzuki and Heck Reaction Tests On Homogeneity-heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now it is quite clear that there is no consensus on the nature of the catalysis of this reaction (see review 2 published in 2006 and references cited therein). Analysis of the literature for the last two years indicates that some researchers advance the hypothesis of a homogeneous catalysis mechanism [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] while the others suggest a heterogeneous mechanism. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] It is worth mentioning that the most convincing evidence is for the homogeneous mechanism of the Suzuki reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suzuki reaction: mechanistic multiplicity versus exclusive homogeneous or exclusive heterogeneous catalysis

Kurokhtina¹,

Schmidt²

2009

Arkivoc

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Comparative studies of the kinetics and selectivity of the Suzuki and Heck reactions, the modified tests on homogeneity-heterogeneity and an implementation of the solid-phase variant of the Suzuki reaction indicate a substantial contribution of the heterogeneous mechanism to the Suzuki reaction catalysis which is in contrast to the Heck reaction. The contributions of molecular complexes, colloidal Pd and the larger-sized particles to Suzuki catalysis depend on the nature of the catalyst precursor, the solvent and the temperature of the reaction. It has been established that these contributions change significantly during the reaction as well.

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Pd nanoparticles embedded in sponge-like porous silica as a Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst: Similarities and differences with homogeneous catalysts

Cited by 101 publications

References 72 publications

Embedded Phases: A Way to Active and Stable Catalysts

Embedded Phases: A Way to Active and Stable Catalysts

Entrapment of metal nanoparticles within nanocages of mesoporous silicas aided by co-surfactants

Suzuki reaction: mechanistic multiplicity versus exclusive homogeneous or exclusive heterogeneous catalysis

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