Pd nanocrystals embedded in BC2N for efficient electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia

Self‐Supported Pd Nanorod Arrays for High‐Efficient Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia

“…The area comparison suggests that Pd is primarily in the metallic state, and a small amount of Pd exists as a divalent. [30,[43][44][45][46] Two binding energies at 855.8 and 873.3 eV are attributed to Ni 2+ 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 , while the other two peaks are satellite peaks shown in Figure 2i. [47,48] In addition, the peak in O 1s spectra in Figure S3c (Supporting Information) can be divided into two peaks that belong to hydroxyl species (O1, 531.5 eV) and chemisorbed water (O2, 532.6 eV).…”

Recent research progress of electrocatalytic reduction technology for nitrate wastewater: A review

“…Most researchers will concentrate on the innovation and efficiency of electrodes while overlooking their stability. The electrodes' stability is typically determined after a few minutes or hours [142,143], which is insufficient. In general, the simpler the components of electrode materials are, the more stable they are, and the relative processing efficiency may be slightly affected; however, choosing or locating an electrode with high efficiency and good stability is a concern.…”

Recent progress and strategies on the design of catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction

“…Recently, both experiments and theoretical calculations have suggested that noble-metal materials (Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) are promising electrocatalysts for the NO 3 − RR under ambient conditions, as listed in Table 1. 20,38–42,45–48,50,52 For example, Li et al 42 designed Ru/oxygen-doped Ru core/shell nanoclusters (Fig. 2a and b) as an NO 3 − RR electrocatalyst for the production of NH 3 , in which the introduction of oxygen can increase the size of the Ru unit cell to induce tensile strains (Fig.…”

“…Numerous research studies have demonstrated that the electrochemical performance of noble metals for converting NO 3 − to NH 3 can be significantly modified by constructing a heterostructure with two materials, with the modified performance originating from the unique physical properties induced by the charge distribution and energy-band bending at the heterointerface. For instance, Li et al 40 constructed a hybrid material consisting of Pd nanoparticles and a boron–carbon–nitrogen material (BC 2 N/Pd) for the NO 3 − RR, which showed a superior NH 3 production rate of 1730 μg h −1 cm −2 at −0.7 V vs. RHE using 250 mM KNO 3 solution as the nitrogen source. Theoretical calculations revealed that the free energy accumulation of the NO 3 − RR on BC 2 N/Pd was higher than that of individual Pd or BC 2 N, and the corresponding value from NO 3 − to *NH could conquer the reaction energy barriers from *NH to *NH 2 and *NH 2 to NH 3 .…”