PD-L1 Expression in Glioblastoma, the Clinical and Prognostic Significance: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: The clinical and prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1, in glioblastoma remains controversial. The present study aimed to identify the expression of PD-L1 for its prognostic value in glioblastoma. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed and CNKI databases. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of GBM was analyzed based on Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Furthermore, Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were summarized for clinicopathological parameters. The statistical analysis was using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The meta-analysis was performed by using total nine studies including 806 patients who had glioblastoma. The pooled results indicated that PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues was significantly related to a poor OS (HR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.19-2.24, P = 0.003, random effects model) with heterogeneity (I 2 = 51%). In subgroup analyses, PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with a worse OS for patients of American and Asian regions, but not for those of European regions. Moreover, PD-L1 expression implied a trend toward the mutation status of the IDH1 gene [coding the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+))-1 protein] (HR = 9.92, 95%CI: 1.85-53.08, P = 0.007, fixed effects model). However, the prediction overall survival (OS) of the patients showed that PD-L1 expression was independent from other clinicopathological features, such as gender and age. Conclusions: Our analyses indicated that high expression of PD-L1 in glioblastoma tumor tissues is associated with poor survival of patients, and PD-L1 may act as a prognostic predictor and an effective therapeutic target for glioblastoma.

NPC2 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Glioblastoma Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Cytological Experiments

“…Our result also showed that NPC2 independently indicated unfavorable prognosis in glioma when adjusted for with patents’ age ( p value = 0.04) and alive status ( p value = 0.039) ( Table 1 ), which revealed that NPC2 was a robust independent factor for predicting GBM survival. Considering that age has been identified as prognostic factors for GBM ( Chen P. et al, 2020 ; Hao et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ), NPC2 might be a prognostic marker of GBM based on its significant positive correlation with this disease. Hence, we focus on investing the clinical prognostic significance of the NPC2 genes in GBM.…”

PD-L1 Expression Correlated with p53 Expression in Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme

“…Interestingly, the intensity of PD-L1 occurrence corresponds with an effective response to ICIs related pathway [ 19 ]. A meta-analysis performed by Hao et al [ 20 ] analyzed 9 studies of adult PD-L1 positive glioblastoma patients [ 20 ], which suggested the high incidence of PD-L1 to be connected with poor patient survival. No differences were found between PD-L1 and gender as well as age, which was similar to results in this study.…”

Detection of PD-L1 expression in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma by using PD-L1 antibodies conjugated with lipid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide

“…These data suggest that TMZ treatment differentially affects PD-L1 expression levels in different types of human GBM cells under different culture conditions. High expression of PD-L1 in GBM tumor tissues is associated with poor survival of patients [22]. Recent clinical trials have revealed a lower response of targeted PD-L1 immunotherapy in recurrent GBM [23].…”