PD-L1 and p16 Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma From an Endemic Region

Efficacy and Biomarker Exploration of Sintilimab Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Report of Two Cases

“…In penile squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of PD-L1 has been reported to range from 40% to 62% ( 3 ). Studies have shown that PD-L1 expression is independent of patient age, tumor location, histological subtype, tumor stage, anatomical depth of tumor invasion, and tumor grade in patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma ( 4 ). HPV-negative tumors have a significant proportion of PD-L1 expression compared with HPV-positive tumors ( 5 ).…”

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Penile Cancer

“…The advent of immune check-point inhibitors (ICI), mainly directed at programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) or cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has truly revolutionized therapy of solid malignancies and may also expand the limited treatment landscape of advanced PCa. In fact, PD-L1 expression, a known marker predictive of efficacy of anti-PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors across different solid tumors [ 10 ], was reported in 51% of cases in a surgical cohort of 35 men with PCa undergoing penectomy, and in 69% of those with node-positive disease [ 11 ]. In another retrospective analysis of 53 archival PCa specimens, 40% of cases were positive for PDL-1, with 38% of node-positive tumors showing PD-L1 expression [ 12 ].…”

Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability

“…In penile SCC, there is no consensus about the PD-L1 IHC scoring system in previous reports. Thus, in some reports, only positive and negative are identified ( 27 ); in contrast, in some studies, 1 or 5% were considered the threshold values of positivity ( 10 , 11 , 20 , 28 , 30 ).…”