Pd(II) anchored to modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a new magnetically recoverable catalyst for epoxidation of styrene

Abstract

biomedical, material science, engineering and environmental areas [1][2][3]. Various modified MNPs were introduced in the drug delivery with unique features [4][5][6]. Modified MNPs also widely have been studied in the catalyst designing [7][8][9].The epoxidation of olefins as an important chemical processes gives epoxides [10,11] which widely used as the starting materials or intermediates for the production of epoxy resins, paints, surfactants and medicines. Excellent selectivity can be obtained for the epoxidation of olefins using a heterogeneous silver catalyst [12], but typically chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides have to be added to quench unfavorable by-product formation, and this makes the process nongreen in this respect. Propene can be epoxidized using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the titanium silicalite TS-1 as the catalyst [13]. Supported gold is a potent catalyst for the epoxidation of propene with oxygen in the presence of H 2 as a sacrificial reductant that permits the activation of O 2 at relatively low temperatures [14][15][16]. In this route, it was considered that a hydroperoxy species was formed in situ and this led to the selective oxidation chemistry. Au/TiO 2 , prepared using deposition precipitation, oxidized propene to propene oxide. Initially, selectivity was low but promising; improvements were made by using different titanium-containing supports including TS-1, Ti-zeolite b, Ti-MCM-41 and Ti- . Recently, a selective oxidation of alkenes was performed using graphite-supported gold-palladium catalysts with t-butyl hydroperoxide in high yields [25]. Palladium especially is an efficient catalyst for epoxidation of allylic alcohols. There are numerous reports for epoxidation of allylic alcohols with Pd [26].In continuation of our efforts to the development of the new heterogeneous catalytic system [27][28][29][30], herein a new efficient catalytic system was introduced for the Abstract A new support for Pd(II) was synthesized via the functionalization of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with N-(2-aminoethyl)acetamide. PdCl 2 was anchored to the support for obtaining a heterogeneous magnetically recoverable catalyst for Pd(II). High yield and excellent selectivity were obtained for the green epoxidation of styrene derivatives using H 2 O 2 as a green oxidant in H 2 O as the solvent at 100 °C. Also, the recovered catalyst is applicable for four times without significant decrease in yield.

Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Catalyzed Epoxidation of Styrene to Styrene Oxide

“…Keshipour et al. reported the use of Pd and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles supported on N‐(2‐aminoethyl)acetamide functionalized cellulose as an efficient catalyst for epoxidation of styrene . The catalyst was prepared by deposition of Fe 3 O 4 or Pd(0) nanoparticles on cellulose modified by functionalization with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)acetamide.…”