2002
DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200203)32:3<634::aid-immu634>3.0.co;2-9
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PD-1:PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and is overcome by IL-2

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Cited by 598 publications
(439 citation statements)
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References 43 publications
(54 reference statements)
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“…28 It has been reported that PD-1 may exert its effects directly by inhibiting early activation events that are positively regulated by CD28 or indirectly through IL-2. 29 In our study, we did not detect upregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 or downregulation of CD28 (data not shown) on tumor-infiltrating CD8 1 T cells, so cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and CD28 are unlikely to be contributing to the CD8 1 T-cell defects. More likely, PD-1 1 tumor-infiltrating CD8 1 T-cell function was impaired due to decreased IL-2 production upon PD-1 ligation since IL-2 production was indeed lower than PD-1 low CD8 1 T cells in our system.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 47%
“…28 It has been reported that PD-1 may exert its effects directly by inhibiting early activation events that are positively regulated by CD28 or indirectly through IL-2. 29 In our study, we did not detect upregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 or downregulation of CD28 (data not shown) on tumor-infiltrating CD8 1 T cells, so cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and CD28 are unlikely to be contributing to the CD8 1 T-cell defects. More likely, PD-1 1 tumor-infiltrating CD8 1 T-cell function was impaired due to decreased IL-2 production upon PD-1 ligation since IL-2 production was indeed lower than PD-1 low CD8 1 T cells in our system.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 47%
“…Recent reports propose that PD-1-mediated inhibition could be overcome by CD28 costimulation or IL-2 production [19,28]. The high levels of CD86 expression that we observed on the DC-1 subset suggest that PD-1-B7-H1/B7-DC-mediated inhibition might be overridden by CD28-CD86 costimulation in the CD86 high DC.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 48%
“…PD-1 expression in viremic subjects was Ͼ2-fold higher on the HIVspecific CD4 ϩ than CD8 ϩ T cells (25). In subjects whose viral loads were suppressed using ART, PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD4 ϩ T cells decreased by 50% to similar levels as CMVspecific or SEB-reactive CD4 ϩ T cells while it dropped by only 20% on Gag-specific CD8 ϩ T cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%