PCV3-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in Brazil

Molossi, Franciéli Adriane; Cecco, Bianca Santana de; Almeida, Bruno Albuquerque de; Henker, Luan Cleber; Silva, Mariana Soares da; Mósena, Ana Cristina Sbaraini; Canal, Cláudio Wageck; Brandalise, Luciano; Simão, Gustavo Manoel Rigueira; Vanucci, Fabio; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03282-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Myocarditis, cardiac vasculitis, perivasculitis, and interstitial pneumonia were previously statistically associated with PCV3-infected pigs with low qPCR Ct values ( 25 ). In skeletal muscle, we observed prominent perivascular non-suppurative infiltrates (12/17) and myositis (5/17), similar to what has been described in aborted piglets caused by PCV3 infection ( 4 ). Gliosis was observed in 5 of 17 piglets, consistent with features previously found in perinatal piglets ( 3 ) and aborted fetuses ( 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In skeletal muscle, we observed prominent perivascular non-suppurative infiltrates (12/17) and myositis (5/17), similar to what has been described in aborted piglets caused by PCV3 infection ( 4 ). Gliosis was observed in 5 of 17 piglets, consistent with features previously found in perinatal piglets ( 3 ) and aborted fetuses ( 4 ). The prominent and constant microscopic lesions in tissues, including the mesenteric vascular plexus, heart, lung, CNS, and skeletal muscle, highlights the importance of collecting these organs for adequate diagnosis of PCV3-associated disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…These findings are similar to those previously described for piglets naturally infected with PCV3 ( 3 , 7 , 24 ). Interstitial pneumonia was also a constant finding, of varying intensity, with alveolar septa distended by lymphohistiocytic infiltrates and prominent lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic perivascular infiltrates in most cases, as was previously described in piglets ( 24 ) and aborted fetuses ( 4 ). Myocarditis, cardiac vasculitis, perivasculitis, and interstitial pneumonia were previously statistically associated with PCV3-infected pigs with low qPCR Ct values ( 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets

Molossi,

Albuquerque de Almeida,

Santana de Cecco

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) viral load and histopathological findings in perinatal piglet tissues and to develop an immunohistochemical method for detecting the virus in lesions. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) when amplifying PCV3 DNA and the area of perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in different organs [central nervous system (CNS), lung, heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes] were compared. To develop an immunohistochemistry technique, rabbit sera were produced against PCV3-capsid protein peptides selected using bioinformatic analyses. The assay was initially implemented using a tissue sample previously tested using qPCR and in situ hybridization to optimize the procedure and reagent dilutions. To evaluate immunohistochemistry performance, tissue samples from another 17 cases were analyzed using standardized parameters. The most common microscopic lesion was multisystemic periarteritis, with associated vasculitis, as the mesenteric vascular plexus is one of the most affected organs. Other tissues, such as the heart, lung, CNS, and skeletal muscle, were also affected. Comparison of the Ct values for different tissues showed no significant difference, except in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes), which had significantly higher viral loads than the CNS tissues. There was no correlation between Ct values and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. PCV3 immunohistochemistry revealed granular immunolabeling, mainly in the cytoplasm of cells in the vascular mesenteric plexus, heart, lung, kidney, and spleen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets

Molossi,

Albuquerque de Almeida,

Santana de Cecco

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The virus is currently spreading rapidly across the globe and has been identified in multiple countries [29][30][31][32]. Co-infections with PCV3 and PCV2 complicate diagnosis and lead to increased morbidity and mortality [30,33,34]. Owing to the lack of knowledge regarding the protective immunity of PCV3 antigens and an understanding of the diversity of these protective antigens, the progress of PCV3 vaccine development and disease control has been hindered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Capsid Protein and Development of an Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the Antibody against Porcine Circovirus 3

Wang,

Lei,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Animals

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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is endemic in swine worldwide and causes reproductive disorders, dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome, and multi-organ inflammation. Currently, there is a growing need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods in disease monitoring. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCV3 capsid proteins were prepared (mAbs 2F6, 2G8, 6E2, and 7E3). MAb 7E3, which had the highest binding affinity for the Cap protein, was chosen for further investigation. A novel B cell epitope 110DLDGAW115 was identified using mAb 7E3. An epitope-blocking (EB) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully developed using horseradish-peroxidase-labeled mAb 7E3 to detect PCV3 antibodies in porcine sera. Moreover, the EB-ELISA showed no specific reaction with other porcine disease sera, and the cut-off value was defined as 35%. Compared with the commercial ELISA, the percentage agreement was 95.59%. Overall, we have developed a novel EB-ELISA method that accurately and conveniently detects PCV3 in serum, making it a valuable tool for the clinical detection of PCV3 infection.

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“…in cases of reproductive disorders, or more concretely, in the case of SMEDI. Another agent associated with reproductive disorders in sows, including stillbirth and mummification, is the porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Although the pathogenicity of PCV3 is still under discussion, PCV3-associated diseases are already defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination on the Occurrence of Coinfections in Diagnostic Transmittals in Cases of Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, and Infertility (SMEDI) Syndrome in Germany

et al. 2023

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The stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility (SMEDI) syndrome is most commonly associated with porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) infections. Little is known about the occurrence of coinfections with SMEDI-associated pathogens and the associations among these pathogens. In our study, we included 40 SMEDI-affected litters from 18 different farms. In total, 158 out of 358 available fetuses from diagnostic transmittals were selected by systematic random sampling and examined for PCV2, PCV3, PPV1, and Leptospira spp. by q-PCR. Results from diagnostic materials showed the following results: in eleven farms, PCV2 was present; in nine farms, PPV1 was present; in five farms, PCV3 was present; and in two farms, Leptospira spp. was present. The detection of Leptospira spp. was significantly associated with a PCV2 coinfection (OR: 26.3; p < 0.001). PCV3 positivity resulted in a reduced probability of detecting PCV2 in the corresponding fetus (OR: 0.078; p = 0.008). Fetal maceration was associated with Leptospira spp. detection (OR: 8.6; p = 0.003), whereas mummification (p = 0.047), reduced crown-rump length (p < 0.001), and bodyweight (p = 0.001) of fetuses were significantly associated with PPV1 and PCV2 coinfection and thus, presumably, a shorter time to death after infection, indicating an enhanced negative effect on the development of fetuses with PCV2 + PPV1 coinfection.

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PCV3-associated reproductive failure in pig herds in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets

Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Capsid Protein and Development of an Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the Antibody against Porcine Circovirus 3

Examination on the Occurrence of Coinfections in Diagnostic Transmittals in Cases of Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, and Infertility (SMEDI) Syndrome in Germany

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