PCR detection of Heterakis gallinarum in environmental samples

Cupo, Katherine Lynn; Beckstead, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.011

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[135,136]. In addition to tissue samples, environmental samples might be screened by PCR for parasite DNA even though clinical relevance seems less clear [137][138][139]. Furthermore, indirect detection by serology can be applied, which is helpful to generate results from high numbers of birds.…”

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Liebhart

Bilić

Grafl

et al. 2023

Poultry

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Controlling infectious diseases is vital for poultry health and diagnostic methods are an indispensable feature to resolve disease etiologies and the impact of infectious agents on the host. Although the basic principles of disease diagnostics have not changed, the spectrum of poultry diseases constantly expanded, with the identification of new pathogens and improved knowledge on epidemiology and disease pathogenesis. In parallel, new technologies have been devised to identify and characterize infectious agents, but classical methods remain crucial, especially the isolation of pathogens and their further characterization in functional assays and studies. This review aims to highlight certain aspects of diagnosing infectious poultry pathogens, from the farm via the diagnostic laboratory and back, in order to close the circle. By this, the current knowledge will be summarized and future developments will be discussed in the context of applied state-of-the-art techniques. Overall, a common challenge is the increasing demand for infrastructure, skills and expertise. Divided into separate chapters, reflecting different disciplines, daily work implies the need to closely link technologies and human expertise in order to improve bird health, the production economy and to implement future intervention strategies for disease prevention.

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Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Liebhart

Bilić

Grafl

et al. 2023

Poultry

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“…Lumbricus spp. (earthworms) are not required for completion of the heterakid larvae or histomonad life cycles, serving rather as paratenic hosts and mechanical vectors if consumed by poultry (12,20,21,111).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research showed that unprotected histomonads did not survive long periods outside the host, although duration in the environment when protected by feces or other materials was not wellcharacterized (15,16). The separate rearing of poultry species is critical as chickens are considered partially resistant to histomonosis, frequently serving as asymptomatic carriers and reservoirs of H. meleagridis-infected heterakid eggs [Figure 1; (11,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)]. Direct transmission within a flock is considered to occur through cloacal drinking which transfers materials from the vent region into the ceca through waves of reverse peristalsis (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomonosis in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Histomonas meleagridis, the etiological agent of histomonosis, is a poultry parasite primarily detrimental to turkeys. Characteristic lesions occur in the liver and ceca, with mortalities in turkey flocks often reaching 80–100%. Chickens and other gallinaceous birds can be susceptible but the disease was primarily considered sub-clinical until recent years. Treating and preventing H. meleagridis infection have become more difficult since 2015, when nitarsone was voluntarily removed from the market, leaving the poultry industry with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines to combat histomonosis. Phytogenic compounds evaluated for chemoprophylaxis of histomonosis have varied results with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Some recent research successes are encouraging for the pursuit of antihistomonal compounds derived from plants. Turkeys and chickens exhibit a level of resistance to re-infection when recovered from H. meleagridis infection, but no commercial vaccines are yet available, despite experimental successes. Safety and stability of live-attenuated isolates have been demonstrated; furthermore, highly efficacious protection has been conferred in experimental settings with administration of these isolates without harming performance. Taken together, these research advancements are encouraging for vaccine development, but further investigation is necessary to evaluate proper administration age, dose, and route. A summary of the published research is provided in this review.

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“…There are partial ultrastructural data about H. gallinarum specie [8][9][10][11][12][19][20][21][22]. Nevertheless, identification of the H. gallinarum nematode at the molecular level (through mitochondrial and ribosomal markers) and phylogenetic analysis [23][24][25][26], characteristics [27], identification through PCR [28,29], etc. studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Body Wall in Adult Helminth Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 (Nematoda: Heterakidae)

Rzayev,

Nasirov,

Isayev

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HE NEMATODES of the genus Heterakis are similar in appearance and a number of morphological characteristics. Therefore, determination of nematodes creates certain difficulties. H. gallinarum helminth is one of the widespread species of the genus. In the current study, the body wall of the parasite of the H. gallinarum nematode was studied at the ultrastructural level with the help of light and electron microscopic methods, and the obtained results were compared with the structures of the covering tissue of other species of the family. It was found that the bady wall of the nematode consists of 3 layers. The cuticle of the helminth is made up of 8 layers. In both individuals of the helminth, the lateral alae consist of 3 main layers. Homogeneous and fibrillar layers are many times thicker than other parts of the helminth's body. While the shape of the cuticle of both male and female H. gallinarum nematode is smooth throughout the body, 2 different shapes have been found around the bulb. This sign is not mentioned in other species of the family. Tubular structures were found between the basal part of the cuticle and the hypodermis of the studied helminth. The nervous system of the parasite is orthogonal, and the muscular type is polymyar. The number of muscle cells in between two ridges of the helminth varies from 19 to 28, depending on the sex of the worm and the part of the body of the helminth.

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PCR detection of Heterakis gallinarum in environmental samples

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Histomonosis in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Body Wall in Adult Helminth Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 (Nematoda: Heterakidae)

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