PCR Based Diagnosis of Eimeria tenella Infection in Broiler Chicken

Patra, Gautam; Ali, M. Ayub; Chanu, Kh. Victoria; Lalsiamthara, Jonathan; Joy, L.K.; Prava, M.; Ravindran, Reghu; Das, Goutam; Devi, Latha

doi:10.3923/ijps.2010.813.818

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The lower numbers of MCHC values were noted at the beginning of the feedlot period coinciding with high parasite counts. This observation is in agreement with Patra et al (2010) and Adamu et al (2013), who demonstrated pathological changes, such as anaemia, in animals with an elevated presence of parasites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Feedlot conditions and their influence on blood parameter values in Merino lambs in Extremadura, Spain over a specific time-period

Fernández

Galapero

Rey

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. It has been suggested that the evaluation of specific blood parameters can be used as indicators of animal health and welfare. The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in these parameters at the beginning and at the end of the feedlot period and to analyse the influence of feedlot conditions on these animals. Blood parameter ranges can vary widely depending on factors such as transport, handling and feedlot. Four hundred and ten fattening lambs were studied to establish average values of different blood parameters. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used. The results of the current study indicate that mean values of Haematocrit, Cellular Haemoglobin Concentration and Cortisol levels were outside of the normal range, both at the beginning of the feedlot period and at upon leaving the feedlot. Higher mean values of MCHC, Urea, Total Proteins and Cortisol levels were observed at the end compared to the beginning of the feedlot period. On the other hand, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Eosinophils and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were at higher mean values at the beginning of the feedlot period. Elevations in some blood parameters that are associated with acute stress states were raised in slaughter lambs during the feedlot period, transport and handling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Feedlot conditions and their influence on blood parameter values in Merino lambs in Extremadura, Spain over a specific time-period

Fernández

Galapero

Rey

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…While ACV significantly increased AST activity, increased CP or supplementation of HE significantly reduced it in vaccinated birds, indicating the hepatoprotective effect of these treatments in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis. Increased AST and ALT activities as a result of coccidiosis have been reported in previous studies by Patra et al [ 36 ] and Abd El-Maksoud et al [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Level and Supplemental Herbal Extract Blend on Selected Blood Variables in Broiler Chickens Vaccinated against Coccidiosis

Arczewska-Włosek

Świątkiewicz

Ognik

et al. 2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryToday the poultry industry is facing mounting pressure to phase out chemoprophylaxis. One of the major threats to the poultry production is coccidiosis, a widespread parasitic disease, commonly controlled by in-feed coccidiostats. The use of immunoprophylaxis with the live anticoccidial vaccines instead of coccidiostats in broiler chickens is a promising approach; however, there is a broad reluctance to use them in intensive production due to a possible transient performance deterioration. Thus, nutritional methods such as dietary modification or herbal extracts used as complements to anticoccidial vaccination may support gaining a satisfactory performance, as well as an improved health status in broilers.AbstractImmunoprophylaxis with a live anticoccidial vaccine is regarded as the most promising alternative in place of in-feed coccidiostats in the poultry industry. An experiment, designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 6 replicate pens per treatment and 8 male Ross 308 chicks per pen, was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) levels (21.6% or 23.6%, during the starter phase) and a herbal extract (HE) blend dietary supplementation (Echinacea purpurea, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Allium sativum, Origanum vulgare; 0 or 2 g/kg of feed) on selected hematological, biochemical, redox, and immunological parameters in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis (anticoccidial vaccine (ACV); none or 1× dose, administered at 1 d of age). The blood samples were collected at 14 d of age. Anticoccidial vaccination (p < 0.05) had a negative effect on immune responses, as shown by a reduced total white blood cells (WBC) count, a reduced lymphocytes count (L), a higher proportion of heterophils (H) in leukogram assessments, as well as H/L-ratio increase. ACV resulted in a decrease in phagocytic activity assessed as decreased percentage of phagocytic cells, phagocytic index and NBT test, as well as in reductions in plasma glucose and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and increases in HDL-cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. In terms of redox status, ACV significantly increased the catalase (CAT) activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations. An increase in dietary CP in vaccinated chickens resulted in higher relative L and lower relative H counts, a lower H/L ratio, a decrease in AST and an increase in CAT activities, but also a decrease in FRAP and concentrations of lipid peroxides. Vaccinated chickens fed a diet supplemented with HE were characterized by higher relative L and lower relative H counts, a lower H/L ratio, and a decrease in AST activity. A change of diet composition, such as an increase in CP content and dietary HE supplementation, can be recommended in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis, mainly due to its positive effect in alleviating stress levels. However, the simultaneous increase of CP and HE dietary supplementation offered no additional relevant benefi...

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“… Arczewska-Włosek et al., 2018 observed an interaction between dietary crude protein concentration and coccidial vaccination for plasma AST levels, whereby AST activity was decreased by vaccination only when offered simultaneously with a diet high in crude protein. Alternative studies ( Patra et al., 2010 ; Abd El-Maksoud et al., 2014 ) noted an increase in AST levels in response to coccidiosis, so there are conflicting reports in the literature on this point. Thus, for AST to be a useful biomarker for coccidial challenge, it may be necessary to also consider other factors such as diet composition to set context for relative changes in the AST level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of coccidial challenge and vaccination on the performance, veterinary postmortem scores, and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens

Cowieson

Livingston²,

Nogal³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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A total of 960 male Cobb 500 broilers were used in a growth performance study to explore the effect of coccidial vaccination and/or coccidial challenge on blood biochemistry and veterinary postmortem metrics. Day-old chicks were randomly divided into one of the 4 experimental treatments. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the factors being without or with vaccination (administered on day 1) or coccidial challenge (oral gavage on day 7). Growth performance was monitored on a weekly basis. Blood sample collection, as well as full veterinary necropsies, were carried out on days 6, 8, 13, 20, 27, and 34. Birds that did not receive the vaccination but were challenged with coccidiosis had higher feed conversion ratio, lower body weights, and higher mortality than the other experimental groups, and this effect was particularly evident from day 13 to day 20. Birds challenged with coccidiosis had lower plasma sodium and total carotenoid concentrations and higher potassium and globulin concentrations than nonchallenged birds. Significant interactions between age and experimental treatment for these blood parameters were observed, particularly on day 13. The necropsy results confirmed the effectiveness of the challenge and vaccination treatments, wherein birds that were challenged had higher coccidiosis scores on day 13 and day 27 than birds that were not challenged. These results demonstrate the potential for plasma sodium, potassium, total protein, total carbon dioxide, globulin, and carotenoid analysis for early diagnosis of coccidiosis in growing broiler chickens. Further work is necessary to establish whether the changes in blood biochemistry observed in the present study are transferable to alternative flocks of chicken and whether early diagnosis and intervention may mitigate performance losses associated with this disease.

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PCR Based Diagnosis of Eimeria tenella Infection in Broiler Chicken

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Feedlot conditions and their influence on blood parameter values in Merino lambs in Extremadura, Spain over a specific time-period

Feedlot conditions and their influence on blood parameter values in Merino lambs in Extremadura, Spain over a specific time-period

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Level and Supplemental Herbal Extract Blend on Selected Blood Variables in Broiler Chickens Vaccinated against Coccidiosis

Effect of coccidial challenge and vaccination on the performance, veterinary postmortem scores, and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens

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