PCR-Based Detection of &lt;i&gt;Leishmania donovani&lt;/i&gt; DNA in a Stray Dog from a Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Focus in Bangladesh

Alam, Mohammad Zahangir; Yasin, Md. Golam; Kato, Hirotomo; Sakurai, Tatsuya; Katakura, Ken

doi:10.1292/jvms.12-0134

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In a recent study, Leishmania DNA was detected in a single (1.2%) dog among 85 stray dogs using DNA extracted from whole blood spotted on filter paper. 14 We found that 20% and 10% of stray dogs were positive based on real-time PCR and PCR using buffy coat DNA, respectively, despite sampling from the same VL-endemic foci. The higher positive rate in our study probably reflects a higher assay sensitivity using buffy coat DNA than wholeblood preparations, as demonstrated in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Molecular and Serological Evidence of Leishmania Infection in Stray Dogs from Visceral Leishmaniasis–Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Akter

Alam

Yasin

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, is mainly caused by two closely related Leishmania species, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani. Leishmania infantum is responsible for zoonotic VL, with dogs as the main reservoir host in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. In the Indian subcontinent, VL is caused by L. donovani and is considered anthroponotic, although the only known vector, the sand fly, is zoophilic in nature. The role of domestic and stray dogs in VL transmission is still unclear in this area. We screened 50 stray dogs from VL-endemic areas of Bangladesh for serological and molecular evidence of Leishmania infection. We detected anti-Leishmania antibodies in six (12%) dog serum samples using rK39 immunochromatographic tests. We observed Leishmania kinetoplast DNA in 10 (20%) buffy coat DNA samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), five of which were positive based on internal transcribed spacer 1-PCR. A sequencing analysis of the amplified products confirmed that the parasitic DNA was derived from L. donovani. Our findings support the hypothesis that stray dogs are an animal reservoir for L. donovani in this endemic region. Further studies are required to determine the precise role of dogs in the epidemiology of VL in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Molecular and Serological Evidence of Leishmania Infection in Stray Dogs from Visceral Leishmaniasis–Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Akter

Alam

Yasin

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The most suspected animal reservoirs for L. donovani are dogs, which are known to play a key role as reservoir hosts in the transmission cycle of the closely related L. infantum [ 2 , 30 ]. Several authors have reported PCR-positivity or seropositivity of dogs in L. donovani foci [ 3 , 4 , 19 , 31 – 35 ], including Humera and Addis Zemen in Ethiopia [ 36 – 39 ]. In the present study, dogs demonstrated the highest Leishmania seroprevalence out of all the species tested at all study sites, with two PCR-positive dogs identified in Humera and Addis Zemen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Leishmania spp. and sand flies in domestic animals in northwestern Ethiopia

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHuman visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is considered an anthroponosis; however, Leishmania-infected animals have been increasingly reported in L. donovani foci, and the role of these animals as reservoirs for human L. donovani infection remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a study of domestic animals (goats, sheep, cows, dogs, and donkeys) in three L. donovani foci in northwestern Ethiopia. Domestic animals were screened for Leishmania DNA and for anti-L. donovani IgG. Serum anti-sand fly saliva antibodies were used as a marker of exposure to the vector sand fly, Phlebotomus orientalis.ResultsOf 546 animals tested, 32 (5.9 %) were positive for Leishmania DNA, with positive animals identified among all species studied. Sequencing indicated that the animals were infected with parasites of the L. donovani complex but could not distinguish between L. infantum and L. donovani. A total of 18.9 % of the animals were seropositive for anti-L. donovani IgG, and 23.1 % of the animals were seropositive for anti-P. orientalis saliva IgG, with the highest seroprevalence observed in dogs and sheep. A positive correlation was found between anti-P. orientalis saliva and anti-L. donovani IgGs in cows, goats, and sheep.ConclusionsThe detection of L. donovani complex DNA in the blood of domestic animals, the reported seroprevalence to the L. donovani antigen, and the widespread exposure to sand fly saliva among domestic animals indicate that they are frequently exposed to Leishmania infection and are likely to participate in the epidemiology of Leishmania infection, either as potential blood sources for sand flies or possibly as parasite hosts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0976-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The first kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) patient was recorded in Jessore District of Bangladesh in 1824 (Ahluwalia et al, 2003). There are so many researches conducted in Bangladesh regarding VL but most of them for better non-invasive diagnostic methods in human (Alam et al, 1996). A significant number of human clinical case reports had also published .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among dogs in VL endemic areas of Mymensingh distict, Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among street and owned dogs at Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Material and methods: Blood was collected asceptically from targeted dogs and serum was separated out using standard centrifugation method. The rK39-antigen-based dipstick test was used to detect anti-leishmania antibodies in serum. Results: The study revealed that 35% of the dogs in the study area were seropositive for L. donovani. Living status of the dogs (street or owned) was a potential risk factor and sero-prevalence was significantly higher in free roaming street dogs (P=0.009) and dogs with skin lesions and enlarged lymph nodes (P<0.05). The female and adult dogs were more susceptible. Conclusion: VL is an important zoonotic disease wich is transmissible to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sand fly. Dogs are the main reservoir. The higher sero-prevalence of VL indicates the potential rule of dogs to maintain the zoonosis wich need to be explored more specifically by isolation and typing of the parasite.

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PCR-Based Detection of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> DNA in a Stray Dog from a Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Focus in Bangladesh

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular and Serological Evidence of Leishmania Infection in Stray Dogs from Visceral Leishmaniasis–Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Molecular and Serological Evidence of Leishmania Infection in Stray Dogs from Visceral Leishmaniasis–Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Exposure to Leishmania spp. and sand flies in domestic animals in northwestern Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among dogs in VL endemic areas of Mymensingh distict, Bangladesh

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