PCR-Based Detection ofBabesia ovisinRhipicephalus bursaand Small Ruminants

Esmaeilnejad, Bijan; Tavassoli, Mousa; Asri‐Rezaei, Siamak; Dalir‐Naghadeh, Bahram; Mardani, Karim; Jalilzadeh-Amin, Ghader; Golabi, Mostafa; Arjmand, Jafar

doi:10.1155/2014/294704

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding Babesia species, no B. motasi was detected in this study; sheep were exclusively infected by B. ovis with an overall infection prevalence of 7.8% (21/270). Similar results were reported in Turkey and Iran where small ruminants were only infected by B. ovis (Altay et al 2007 ; Esmaeilnejad et al 2014 ). In northern Spain, B. ovis and B. motasi were present in sheep with an overall prevalence of 2.5% and 2% respectively (Nagore et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of Theileria and Babesia species in Tunisian sheep

Rjeibi

Darghouth

Gharbi

2016

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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In this study, the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia species in sheep was assessed with Giemsa-stained blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction to identify the different piroplasms in 270 sheep from three Tunisian bioclimatic zones (north, centre, and south). The overall infection prevalence by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in Giemsa-stained blood smears was 2.9% (8/270) and 4.8% (13/270) respectively. The molecular results showed that sheep were more often infected by Theileria ovis than Babesia ovis with an overall prevalence of 16.3% (44/270) and 7.8% (21/270) respectively (p = 0.01). The molecular prevalence by Babesia ovis was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). According to localities B. ovis was found exclusively in sheep from the centre of Tunisia (Kairouan) whereas Theileria ovis was found in all regions. Infections with T. ovis and B. ovis were confirmed by sequencing. The sequence of T. ovis in this study (accession numbers KM924442) falls into the same clade as T. ovis deposited in GenBank. The T. ovis amplicons (KM924442) showed 99%–100% identities with GenBank sequences. Moreover, comparison of the partial sequences of 18S rRNA gene of B. ovis described in this study (KP670199) revealed 99.4% similarity with B. ovis recently reported in northern Tunisia from sheep and goats. Three nucleotides were different at positions 73 (A/T), 417 (A/T), and 420 (G/T). It also had 99% identity with B. ovis from Spain, Turkey and Iraq. The results suggest a high T. ovis prevalence in Tunisia with a decreasing north-south gradient. This could be correlated to the vector tick distribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of Theileria and Babesia species in Tunisian sheep

Rjeibi

Darghouth

Gharbi

2016

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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“…Mass of egg clutches ranged from 10 to 410 milligrams. Eggs and adult ticks were briefly rinsed with 70% ethanol in sterile 1 mL vials to remove contamination and then air dried on a sterile dish in preparation for processing [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae circulating in Northern Mongolia

et al. 2018

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Transstadial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae has been well documented. Few studies, however, have evaluated the role of transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae, particularly in nature within the host-vector ecosystem. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand the role of transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae among feeding ticks at different life stages. Tick eggs laid by engorged wild-caught adult female ticks were pooled and tested for Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. using molecular techniques, while adult fed ticks were tested individually. Additionally, larval and nymphal ticks were collected in the wild from small mammals, pooled and tested for Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. There were 38 fed adult and 618 larvae/nymphs (60 pools total) Dermacentor spp. ticks collected from livestock and rodents. All individual adult ticks and tick pools were positive for Rickettsia spp. While none of the larvae/nymphs were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., two adult fed ticks were positive. Rickettsia spp. DNA was detected in 91% (30/33) of the pooled eggs tested, and one pool of eggs tested positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. Sequencing data revealed Rickettsia spp. shared ≥99% identity with R. raoultii ompA. Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. shared ≥89% identity with A. ovis 16S ribosomal RNA. This study identified potential transovarial transmission of Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma spp. among D. nuttalli ticks. Additional studies are needed to further assess the proportion of transovarial transmission occurring in nature to better understand the burden and disease ecology of tick-borne rickettsiae in Mongolia.

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“…Rhipicephalus ticks, such as R. bursa , R. sanguineus and R. turanicus have been implemented in the transmission of B. ovis , whereas R. bursa is the only vector so far that is reported to transmit B. ovis transovarially [ 28 ]. Other tick species may occasionally be involved in the transmission cycle [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Babesia Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemoparasites—Challenging and Wasting Infections in Small Ruminants: A Review

Stuen

2020

Animals

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Haemoparasites include bacteria, mycoplasma, protozoa and flagellates inhabiting the bloodstream of living hosts. These infections occur worldwide and are transmitted by vectors, especially ticks and tsetse flies. Geographical distribution varies due to movements of animals and vectors between geographical areas, and even between countries and continents. These changes may be caused by climate change, directly and indirectly, and have a huge effect on the epidemiology of these microbes. Active and ongoing surveillance is necessary to obtain reliable maps concerning the distribution of these infections in order to do proper risk assessment and efficient prophylactic treatment. Genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, Babesia, Theileria and Trypanosoma include common haemoparasite species in small ruminants causing a variety of clinical manifestations from high fatality rates to more subclinical infections, depending on the species or strain involved. These infections may also cause ill-thift or long-lasting wasting conditions. Life-long infections are a common feature of these pathogens. The present review will focus on haemoparasites in small ruminants, especially related to challenging and wasting infections.

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PCR-Based Detection ofBabesia ovisinRhipicephalus bursaand Small Ruminants

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species in Tunisian sheep

Prevalence of <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Babesia</i> species in Tunisian sheep

Evidence for transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae circulating in Northern Mongolia

Haemoparasites—Challenging and Wasting Infections in Small Ruminants: A Review

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