Abstract:PCNL is a endourological technique for the treatment of kidney stones disease. It's aim is to achieve the complete clearance via a percutaneous access. This technique, as we know it today, was developed by Johanson and Fernstrom in 1976 who used the technological advances in percutaneous fluoroscopy to get the percutaneous access. Following the application of various sources of energy for the fragmentation of the calculi such as ultrasound energy, there was the worldwide diffusion of PCNL thanks to Alken and M… Show more
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