“…Whereas previous studies have focused on exploring OTSs held by experienced science teachers (e.g., Boesdorfer & Lorsbach, 2014;Faikhamta, 2013;Friedrichsen & Dana, 2005;Nargund-Joshi et al, 2011;Park & Chen, 2012;Ramnarain & Schuster, 2014;Ramnarain et al, 2016) or preservice science teachers with a few years in university (e.g., Avraamidou, 2013;Brown, Friedrichsen, & Abell, 2013;Demirdogen, 2016;Eick & Reed, 2002;Kind, 2016), a few studies, if any, have investigated OTSs held by first-year preservice science J Educ Sci Environ Health teachers who just entered science teacher education. Given that preservice science teachers have developed conceptions of teaching and learning, a dimension of OTSs according to Friedrichsen et al (2011), since they were students (Lortie, 1975), a lack of research in this area with freshmen preservice science teachers becomes a shortcoming because their initial OTSs can play significant roles when engaging in science teacher education activities and coursework.…”