PCDF and PCDD levels in different types of environmental samples in spain

Casanovas, J.; Muro, R.A. Loayza; Eljarrat, Ethel; Caixach, Josep; Rivera, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00321624

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After extraction, the crude extracts were transferred to hexane and treated with concentrated H 2 SO 4 , followed by purification via a 3-stage (multilayer silica, Florisil and basic alumina) open column chromatographic procedure. Samples were finally concentrated to incipient dryness prior to the addition of a mixture of 13 C 12 -1234-TCDD and 13 C 12 -123789-HxCDD as the recovery standard ( , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in PCDD and PCDF Levels in Sewage Sludges from Catalonia (Spain)

Eljarrat

Caixach

Rivera

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Nineteen sewage sludges from rural and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Catalonia (Spain) were analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs using HRGC-HRMS to determine the present levels of contamination. Total I-TEQ values for these samples ranged from 7 to 160 pg/g, with a mean value of 55 pg/g and a median value of 42 pg/ g. Moreover, archived sewage sludge samples collected and stored between 1979 and 1987 from 15 WWTPs were analyzed to gain some insight into temporal trends and possible variations in source inputs. Total I-TEQ values for archived samples ranged from 29 to 8300 pg/g, with a mean value of 620 pg/g and a median value of 110 pg/g. Our findings show that contemporary sewage sludge PCDD/F concentrations have declined since the 1980s. In addition to the variations in PCDD and PCDF concentrations, there were also some changes in the isomeric patterns. These variations in levels and isomeric patterns could reflect changes in PCDD and PCDF sources to the environment over time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in PCDD and PCDF Levels in Sewage Sludges from Catalonia (Spain)

Eljarrat

Caixach

Rivera

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In order to avoid possible combination chemistry at temperature higher than 100 °C between halogenated aromatic species present in the crude extract and native copper metal, this one was added in the beaker where the temperature was similar to room temperature. After extraction, crude extracts were transferred to hexane and treated with concentrated H 2SO4, followed by purification via a three-stage open column chromatographic procedure (16). Column A contained, from top to bottom, layers of Na 2SO4, silica gel, H2SO4-impregnated silica, silica gel, NaOHimpregnated silica, silica gel, and AgNO 3-impregnated silica.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elution with hexane, hexane/CH 2Cl2 (2%), and hexane/CH2Cl2 (50%) yielded the PCDDs/PCDFs in the third fraction. Samples were finally concentrated to incipient dryness prior to the addition of a mixture of 13 C12-labeled 1234-TCDD and 13 C12-labeled 123789-HxCDD as the recovery standard (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sewage Sludges Contaminated with Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls on Agricultural Soils

Eljarrat

Caixach

Rivera

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludges after agricultural application was analyzed. This study was based on the experiments designed for two soils with different agronomical characteristics after applying different rates of sewage sludge. The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in soils were determined before and after the application of sewage sludges, and a general increase was observed with the applied rate, especially in the case of the PCDDs. The values of sludge-treated areas were 1.2-11.6 times higher than the respective values of the noncontaminated areas. Changes observed in the ratio between PCDD and PCDF levels and in the isomeric distribution also suggest the influence of the sewage sludge on the soil. The values of sludgetreated areas were compared with the limits proposed in Germany for agricultural and horticultural land uses. The results of the soil investigation showed that, in the case of an initial soil with low contamination, the final soil did not exceed the limit; but, in the case of an initial soil with considerable contamination, the final soil exceed the limit, which restricts the cultivation of certain vegetables.

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Determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash

Fytianos

Schröder

1997

Chromatographia

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fly ash samples from coalburning power plants in Greece have been determined by high resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection (HRGC-MS) applying the isotopic dilution technique. Concentrations of PCDFs were 20 to 600 fold higher than for PCDDs. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were in the range of 11-62 and 1254-7180 pg/g respectively. Fly ashes from coal-burning power plants were found to be potential sources of PCDFs.

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PCDF and PCDD levels in different types of environmental samples in spain

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Decline in PCDD and PCDF Levels in Sewage Sludges from Catalonia (Spain)

Decline in PCDD and PCDF Levels in Sewage Sludges from Catalonia (Spain)

Effects of Sewage Sludges Contaminated with Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls on Agricultural Soils

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash

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