PCBs in Central Vietnam coastal lagoons: Levels and trends in dynamic environments

PBDEs and PCBs in sediments of the Thi Nai Lagoon (Central Vietnam) and soils from its mainland

“…In this study, total PCB concentrations in sediments are generally low and similar to those of other low impacted coastal zones (Jiang et al, 2011;Giuliani et al, 2011 and references therein). Furthermore, PCB values are lower than those reported by Giuliani et al (2011) for samples collected in 2005 and 2008 at site TN01C, and of the same order of magnitude of those measured by the same authors in other Central Vietnam coastal lagoons.…”

“…The information about PCB and/or PBDE sources and concentrations in Vietnam is limited to the most industrialized metropolitan areas (e.g., Ramu et al, 2007;Nguyen et al, 2010;Tuan et al, 2010) and some data are available for PCBs in coastal lagoons (Frignani et al, 2007;Giuliani et al, 2011). However, Vietnam has undergone a wide process of economic reform in 1986, which laid the foundations for a market economy, and since then, the country has experienced a high economic growth together with a boom in household food and no-food consumption (Figuié and Moustier, 2009).…”

Recognizing different impacts of human and natural sources on the spatial distribution and temporal trends of PAHs and PCBs (including PCB-11) in sediments of the Nador Lagoon (Morocco)

“…Total concentrations (both as ng g −1 and TEQs) are higher in sites located near the city of Nador and are Table 2 Comparison of PAH and PCB maximum, minimum and average values measured in sediments of the Nador Lagoon with similar estimates in other parts of the world (Giuliani et al, 2008(Giuliani et al, , 2011b presently increasing. These factors account for the higher impact of urban areas and surrounding industrial sites compared to agricultural activities located in the South-Western part of the lagoon.…”

“…The observed increase could also be associated to PCB release from reservoirs or unconfined wastes (Tanabe, 1988;Weber et al, 2008). In addition, the uncontrolled disposal of old electrical appliances in landfills is one of the most important current sources (Giuliani et al, 2011b). Other factors such as disturbances in the sediment core and/or delays on the predicted emissions (Breivik et al, 2007) can play a role.…”

“…6a). For these samples, the effect of selective atmospheric transport (that favours the accumulation of lighter congeners in sediments; Giuliani et al, 2011b) can be important.…”