PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica

Risebrough, Robert W.; Lappe, Brock W. De; Younghans-Haug, C.O.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(90)90300-w

Cited by 95 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similar organic materials, along with paper and brewery distillates, hydrocarbons, and agricultural organic wastes are deposited on the seafloor in varying combinations worldwide. Benthic habitats at McMurdo Station have also been contaminated with PAHs, PCBs, and heavy metals, due to shipping activities and the dumping of industrial and scientific wastes (Lenihan et al 1990, Risebrough et al 1990). McMurdo Sound is an ideal location for conducting long-term field experiments on the shallowwater seafloor because intrinsic natural disturbances are minimized, wave action is reduced by sea ice, temperature variation is minimal, biological disturbance by large predators is lacking, riverine sedimentation is non-existent, and benthic invertebrate communities are abundant, well-described, and species-rich (Dayton et al 1969, Dayton & Oliver 1977.…”

Section: Life History Traits Of Marine Benthic Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in marine benthic community composition allows discrimination of multiple stressors

Lenihan¹,

Peterson²,

Kim³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Predicting how communities respond to multiple, potentially interacting chemical stressors is inherently difficult because community structure and dynamics, the chemical properties of contaminants, and biological-chemical interactions vary with environmental conditions. Using a field experiment conducted in Antarctica, we tested whether 3 phyla of benthic soft-sediment marine invertebrates -annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms -respond differently to 2 common forms of contamination, organic enrichment and toxic contamination. Based on life history strategies and physiological tolerances to contaminants, we hypothesized that the principal responses of the 3 phyla would be: (1) enhanced abundance of annelids in organically enrichment sediments and (2) decreased abundance of arthropods and echinoderms in toxic metal contamination. Sediment treatments were established in the field experiment with an orthogonal combination of 3 levels of total organic carbon (TOC; 0, 1, and 2% by weight) and copper (Cu; 0, 100, and 500 µg Cu g -1 sediment), and colonization patterns were observed after 1 yr. Densities of annelids (mainly polychaetes) increased with TOC across all levels of Cu. Arthropods and echinoderms decreased with Cu, but responded variably to TOC, based largely on differences in habitat preferences exhibited by epifaunal and infaunal species. Small subsurface arthropod species (amphipods, isopods, cumaceans, and ostracods) decreased in high organic loading, due to induction of and exposure to hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide, but large surface deposit-feeding echinoderms (asteroids and echinoids) responded positively to increased carbon food supply. We present a predictive model based on assessment of benthic community structure conducted at the taxonomic level of phyla that could be used to link cause and effect for multiple chemical stressors in marine ecosystems.

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Section: Life History Traits Of Marine Benthic Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in marine benthic community composition allows discrimination of multiple stressors

Lenihan¹,

Peterson²,

Kim³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Unlike pesticides, some industrial POPs such as PCBs were used in Antarctica leading to contamination in neighbouring areas, e.g. at McMurdo Station (Ross Island) (Risebrough et al, 1990). The impact of scientific bases and related activities on the environment are more efficiently recorded by sediment analysis.…”

Section: Pop Sources In Remote Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike pesticides, only some industrial POPs s u c h a s P C B s w e r e u s e d i n A n t a r c t i c a (Risebrough et al, 1990). Therefore, scientific expedition and bases can be a source of POPs.…”

Section: Scientific Expedition and Station Impact Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Zones Air Quality. Persistent Organic Pollutants: Sources, Sampling and Analysis

Bacaloni¹,

Insogna²,

Zoccolillo³

2011

Air Quality Monitoring, Assessment and Management

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“…In later years, the most important application was in waxes (PCT content up to 50%) for the investment casting industry, which produces high precision metal parts for aircraft, nuclear installations, and jewelry (1 (17), in sediments and aquatic organisms (oysters, crabs, shellfish, mummichogs, eels, and gulls) of the Great Lakes (26), the Chesapeake Bay (27,30,33), the Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine (3), the Ebro River Delta (32), and the Bay of Biscay (29); in samples of sludge from the coast off Tokyo Bay (18); in marine sediments of the Languedocian continental shelf (12); in sediments of a lake in Berlin (23); in water samples of the Rhine (5); and even in sediments from remote places, such as Winter Quarters Bay in Antarctica (28). In most cases, PCTs were found along with PCBs, polychlorinated naphthalenes, and other major classes of anthropogenic organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated pesticides) (12,25,26,28,25). The concentrations of PCTs in sediments and biota were generally lower than those of PCBs, but usually in the same order of magnitude (5,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) in indoor particulate matter.

Seidel

Schweizer

Schweinsberg

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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In the course of a routine investigation concerned with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of dust collected in classrooms of a junior high school, a group of electron capture detector (ECD)-sensitive compounds with high boiling points were found in addition to PCBs. Using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques, these compounds were identified as polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs). Additional measurements indicated that the PCTs were present only in particulate matter collected from the tops of fluorescent light frames but not in air samples obtained concomitantly in the classrooms. Attempts to identify the PCT emission source were unsuccessful. A survey of the literature revealed that PCTs are ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, although no data on their indoor occurrence have been reported to date. In view of the toxic effects of PCTs, which seem to be as important as those of PCBs, further attention should be given to the possible presence of PCTs in indoor environments. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4.

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PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

Variation in marine benthic community composition allows discrimination of multiple stressors

Variation in marine benthic community composition allows discrimination of multiple stressors

Remote Zones Air Quality. Persistent Organic Pollutants: Sources, Sampling and Analysis

Occurrence of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) in indoor particulate matter.

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