PC-SPES: herbal formulation for prostate cancer

Marks, Leonard S.; DiPaola, Robert S.; Nelson, Peter S.; Chen, Sophie; Heber, David; Belldegrun, Arie S.; Lowe, Franklin C.; Fan, John C. C.; Leaders, Floyd E.; Pantuck, Allan J.; Tyler, Varro E.

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01913-1

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, has various pharmacological and physiological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor effects (3 -5) and has been used for the treatment of human cancers, especially prostate carcinoma (6). Previous reports have demonstrated that oridonin exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on prostate, breast, non-small cell lung cancers, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and glioblastoma multiforme (6,7). Oridonin also induced reduced Bcl-2 gene expression and increased p53 expression which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LNCaP and NCI-H520 cells (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome c Release From Oridonin-Treated Apoptotic A375-S2 Cells Is Dependent on p53 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation

et al. 2004

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Abstract. We have reported that oridonin isolated from Rabdosia rubescens induces apoptosis of human melanoma A375-S2 cells within 12 h. In this study, TUNEL assay and flow cytometric analysis also indicate that one of the causes of A375-S2 cell death induced by oridonin was apoptosis. The cell death was preceded by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Twelve hours after treatment with oridonin, the ratio of Bax / Bcl-xL protein expression was increased and release of cytochrome c was decreased by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK inhibitor (PD98059) and a phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3-K) inhibitor (wortmannin). A mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor, decylubiquinone, suppressed the release of cytochrome c without affecting Bax expression. The activation of p53 by oridonin was also blocked by wortmannin. In addtion, PD98059 and wortmannin significantly decreased oridonin-induced DNA fragmentation, but the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) did not after DNA fragmentation. Oridonin induced A375-S2 cell apoptosis by activating parallel p53 and ERK pathways, increasing the ratio of Bax / Bcl-xL protein expression, and promoting the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, resulting in apoptotic cell death.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome c Release From Oridonin-Treated Apoptotic A375-S2 Cells Is Dependent on p53 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation

et al. 2004

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“…1), a diterpenoid isolated from the plant Rabdosia rubeseens, has been reported to have various pharmacological and physiological effects such as scavenging active oxygen free radicals, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, and anti-tumor effects (1 -4). Previous reports have demonstrated that oridonin exhibits remarkable inhibitory effects on breast carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung cancers, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and glioblastoma multiforme (5,6). Our previous study has also showed that oridonin has cytotoxic effects on various cancers such as human melanoma A375-S2, human cervical carcinoma HeLa, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, and murine fibrosarcoma L929 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Suppresses Oridonin-Induced L929 Apoptosis Through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Independent Pathway

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Oridonin, isolated from Rabdosia rubescences, has been reported to exert cytotoxic effects on L929 cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of FGF-2 protection of L929 cells from oridonin-induced apoptosis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (PKB) signal did not mediate this effect because the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin failed to reverse this protection and PKB activation was not observed in this process. In contrast, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was responsible for this rescue because its inhibition abolished the protective effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. ERK had dual regulatory functions: mediating cell apoptosis or preventing cells from initiating the apoptotic response by phosphorylation or promoting expression of Bcl-2 in dependence of different stimuli. In L929 cells treated with oridonin alone, the activated ERK decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 / Bax by mediating the phosphorylation of Bcl-2, resulting in apoptosis; the Ras inhibitor manumycin A and Raf inhibitor GW5074 failed to inhibit this apoptosis, indicating that there is a signal other than Ras/ Raf pathway activated ERK. However, in the presence of FGF-2, Bcl-2 phosphorylation was blocked, and the Ras / Raf/ ERK signal pathway was activated and protected against the oridonininduced apoptosis by the alternative function of promoting of Bcl-2 expression.

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“…Patient 1 had no conventional treatment, but at the time that his PSA declined and his tumor showed devascularization, he was taking an herbal preparation with documented antiandrogenic activity (possibly due to the inclusion of prescription drugs in the preparation). 51,52 Patient 3 at various times was taking thalidomide and interferon alpha in addition to CLT. Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic agent with known anticancer potency 53 while interferon alpha is an immunomodulatory agent frequently used as an adjuvant cancer treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Responses to Cytoluminescent Therapy ® for Cancer: An Investigative Report of Early Experiences and Adverse Effects of an Unconventional Form of Photodynamic Therapy

Moss

2003

Integr Cancer Ther

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Therapy ® (CLT) is an unconventional form of photodynamic therapy (PDT), utilizing a secondgeneration chlorophyll-derived photosensitizing agent and whole-body illumination. Starting in late 2002, CLT was administered in Ireland to 48 patients. Illumination with lasers and light-emitting diodes followed the administration of an initial bolus IV. After returning home, patients continued self-administered treatment using oral agent activated by infrared lamps. CLT proponents claimed that these procedures were beneficial to patients with advanced cancer. An organization devoted to making information on alternative therapies available to the public was engaged to contact these CLT patients and assess the outcome. In informal contacts, patients reported that initial side effects were generally mild and transient. However, especially after commencing self-treatment, many reported unanticipated effects, including fatigue and general weakness, increased pain, cough, dyspnea, diminished appetite and weight loss, tissue necrosis, and other major symptoms. At a minimum of 6 months after initial CLT, no patient has reported an objective response, and some have complained of deterioration on the home treatment. There have been 17 deaths among the 48, with a mean survival after initial treatment among decedents of 4.2 months. CLT, in this group, was a qualified failure, with a high incidence of aftereffects. The mode of action of these aftereffects has yet to be explored. In the future, CLT should be administered to patients only in carefully managed medical facilities, by fully trained and licensed professionals, under the supervision of relevant regulatory agencies, and with meticulous follow-up care.

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PC-SPES: herbal formulation for prostate cancer

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Cytochrome c Release From Oridonin-Treated Apoptotic A375-S2 Cells Is Dependent on p53 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation

Cytochrome c Release From Oridonin-Treated Apoptotic A375-S2 Cells Is Dependent on p53 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Suppresses Oridonin-Induced L929 Apoptosis Through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Independent Pathway

Patient Responses to Cytoluminescent Therapy ® for Cancer: An Investigative Report of Early Experiences and Adverse Effects of an Unconventional Form of Photodynamic Therapy

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