PBDD/F impurities in some commercial deca-BDE

Ren, Mingchun; Peng, Ping’an; Cai, Ying; Chen, Deyi; Zhou, Lin; Chen, Pei; Hu, Jianfang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.004

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…9 PBDD/Fs, analogues of PCDD/Fs, are generated as unwanted by-products in various industrial and combustion processes, 1 but also as impurities in commercial deca-BDE mixtures, 10 or from the photochemical degradation of brominated compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs in the air of an e-waste recycling area (Taizhou) in China: current levels, composition profiles, and potential cancer risks

et al. 2012

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Atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in Taizhou, a large electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling area in East China ) in this region have declined compared with those in 2005, due to regulations on primitive e-waste recycling activities. However, these concentrations remain higher than the historically highest levels in Europe and North America. The congener profiles of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs were similar, with OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDF, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD being the most abundant congeners at all sites. The PCDD/F homologue profiles in the present study were different from those typically observed at non-e-waste locations, indicating a distinct source in this region. Seasonal differences were found in the lower brominated PBDE profiles. These differences indicate that the PBDE emission sources in summer (e.g., strong evaporation sources) differed from those in winter. However, the relatively steady congener profiles of the highly brominated PBDEs suggest that these PBDEs were controlled primarily by similar emission mechanisms. The lifetime excess cancer risks from exposure to PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs via inhalation ranged from 0.7 Â 10 À5 to 5.4 Â 10 À5, or approximately 80 cancer cases in the Taizhou population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs in the air of an e-waste recycling area (Taizhou) in China: current levels, composition profiles, and potential cancer risks

et al. 2012

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“…4). PBDDs/Fs have been reported as impurities in technical PBDE mixtures at contents as high as 49,600 ng/g (Hanari et al, 2006;Ren et al, 2011), and PBDDs/Fs have also been found at high levels in dust collected from the housings of TV sets , indicating the use of PBDE mixtures can lead to the direct emission of PBDDs/Fs into the environment. Moreover, as the main precursors of PBDDs/Fs, PBDEs and other BFRs can lead to considerable emissions of PBDDs/Fs during their treating and incinerating processes.…”

Section: Pbdd/f Congener Profiles and Source Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial PBDE mixtures contain considerable quantity of PBDDs/Fs, too (Ren et al, 2011). The formation of PBDDs/Fs from PBDEs only needs mild thermal stress (<300 C) or natural light exposure (Mandalakis et al, 2008;Weber and Kuch, 2003;Kajiwara et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PBDDs/Fs) in environmental matrices from an intensive electronic waste recycling site, South China

Xiao

Peng

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…PBDD/Fs have structural similarity with PBDEs. The process of pyrolysis of certain commercial PBDEs results in the formation and release of PBDD/Fs (Hanari et al, 2006;Ren et al, 2011). Despite the prohibition of the use of PBDEs, alternative BFRs, such as NBFRs, are continuously produced and applied to decrease flammability, delay ignition, and to meet the fire safety requirements for combustible materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Non-PBDE Halogenated Fire Retardants and Brominated Dioxins and their Toxicological Effects in Indoor Environments - A Review

Hsu

Arcega

Gou

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (non-PBDE) halogenated fire retardants (HFRs) such as new or novel brominated fire retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) have been widely spread in the environment and recognized as emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the recent years, mainly due to the continuous increase in their global demand, especially after the worldwide restrictions on PBDE use. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) are the unintentional byproducts of PBDE commercial formulations in the indoor environment. Although HFRs, including NBFRs, DP, and PBDD/Fs, are ubiquitous in the indoor environment due to the large-volume release from the surfaces of consumer products, only a few in vitro and in vivo studies have addressed their toxic effects. In this review article, global data on NBFRs, including decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), DP, including syn-DP and anti-DP, and PBDD/Fs in indoor aerosol and dust are summarized from recent literature. Based on the gathered data, indoor dust is a major sink for indoor contamination and is of great concern due to the fact that dust ingestion is one of the primary routes for human exposure to these chemicals. Lastly, the toxic effects of NBFRs, DP, and PBDD/Fs identified in in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized and discussed based on the current published reports. However, there is still a lack of sufficient toxicity data for assessing their risks. Future works are encouraged to focus on indoor PM 2.5 -bound HFR levels to further evaluate their toxic effects on human health.

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PBDD/F impurities in some commercial deca-BDE

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs in the air of an e-waste recycling area (Taizhou) in China: current levels, composition profiles, and potential cancer risks

PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs in the air of an e-waste recycling area (Taizhou) in China: current levels, composition profiles, and potential cancer risks

Characterization of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PBDDs/Fs) in environmental matrices from an intensive electronic waste recycling site, South China

Levels of Non-PBDE Halogenated Fire Retardants and Brominated Dioxins and their Toxicological Effects in Indoor Environments - A Review

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