Pb isotopes in drinking water: A new strategy for source detection of low Pb sources

Abstract

Source detection of low concentrations of Pb in water, for instance less than 15 mg L 71 , may require a new methodology as the tolerances of Pb in drinking water are further reduced. It appears that the isotope properties of Pb may aid discrimination among natural sources and anthropogenic sources, including some plumbing materials. Characteristic Pb isotope signatures in a typical rural water supply district, located in Maine, are outlined. For example, unflushed drinking water lines have 207 Pb/ 206 Pb (0.850) and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (2.130) signatures similar to Pb solders on pipes with ages of 7-38 years. Whereas reduced Pb concentrations in drinking water lines correlate with naturally distinctive signatures of 207 Pb/ 206 Pb (0.785) and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb (1.945).

What's New With Old Galvanized Iron Pipe? A Toolbox for Utilities

“…There are three primary lead isotopes, and their concentrations vary depending on the original source of lead material, including lead 206, 207, and 208. Lead isotopes are not altered by the manufacturing process or environmental factors, so they characterize the original material (Sidle & Haught 2008). For example, lead isotope ratios are different between lead originating from LSLs, GIP coatings, and leaded brass (Edwards et al 2022).…”