Pb and Cd levels among Korean populations

Watanabe, Takao; W, C; Song, Dae-Jong; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/bf01606660

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Efforts have been made by the Kyoto University Human Specimen Bank to collect samples of human blood and duplicate food/water portions to monitor long-term exposure of the nonsmoking and nonoccupational population to heavy metals in Japan since the late 1970s. − Similar coupled samples in Korea and China were collected in the 1990s through the cooperation of researchers in both countries. − In 2007, we collected 60 samples in three cities (Kyoto, Sendai, and Takayama) in Japan, 35 samples in Seoul, 25 samples in Beijing, and 22 samples in Hanoi. In 2009, we also collected blood samples from 33 mother−child pairs in Hanoi.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] Similar coupled samples in Korea and China were collected in the 1990s through the cooperation of researchers in both countries. [22][23][24][25][26] In 2007, we collected 60 samples in three cities (Kyoto, Sendai, and Takayama) in Japan, 35 samples in Seoul, 25 samples in Beijing, and 22 samples in Hanoi. In 2009, we also collected blood samples from 33 mother-child pairs in Hanoi.…”

Section: ' Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Ecological Modeling of Human Blood Lead Levels in East Asia

Niisoe

Harada

Hitomi

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Environmental ecological modeling (EEM), which unifies models simulating transport of chemicals and exposure of humans to chemicals, was used to simulate long-term trends of female adult human blood lead levels (BLLs) and historical exposure to the atmospheric lead in four East Asian countries: Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam. Anthropogenic lead emissions to the atmosphere in Vietnam were estimated from energy statistics to be 1931 t yr(-1). Calculated BLLs generally agreed with those observed in samples collected in these countries as the error factors were less than 2. The model results revealed that BLLs decreased significantly in Tokyo (by 58%) and Seoul (by 45%) in recent decades and confirmed the effects of efforts to reduce environmental lead in Japan and Korea. The model results also revealed that BLLs in Beijing did not decrease in this decade as much as in Tokyo and Seoul, despite the phasing out of leaded gasoline, and that the contribution from the atmospheric component was increasing (43% in 2009). Finally, we applied EEM to simulate BLLs of children in Hanoi. The probability of children having BLLs greater than 50 μg L(-1) was 7.5%, which was greater than those observed in developed countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ' Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Ecological Modeling of Human Blood Lead Levels in East Asia

Niisoe

Harada

Hitomi

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Time trend in Cd-D, Cd-B and Cd-U Previous publications on Cd-D, Cd-B and Cd-U 5,6,12,15,31,[38][39][40][41][42][43] were reviewed for time trends.…”

Section: Consumption Of Food By Food Group and Estimation Of Cd-d In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trends in dietary cadmium intake of Korean women

et al. 2012

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Objectives: To examine the amount of daily dietary Cd intake (Cd-D) as the most influential nonoccupational source of exposure to Cd for women among general populations in Korea. Design: Foci were placed on: 1. time trends in the amount of dietary Cd intake as the estimated values and instrumental analysis values; 2. the current trends in Cd-D and two biological exposure markers of Cd in blood (Cd-B) and in urine (Cd-U); 3. the Cd-D by food groups and their time trends. Method and Materials: Cd-D by instrumental analysis and Cd in blood (Cd-B) and urine (Cd-U) were cited from previous representative Korean reports. In addition, Cd-D was estimated from data on food intakes (by food groups) published in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Cd contents by each food group reported in previous representative publications. Results and Discussion: The estimated Cd-D for Korean women in 2007 was 14.82 μg per day, of which 9.74 μg per day was from plant foods and 5.09 μg per day was from animal foods. The Cd-D of plant origin accounted for 65.7%, indicating that Cd-D for Korean women is mostly from plant foods. Among the plant food groups, 'potatoes and starch' and 'grains and cereals (including rice)' were not only the major energy source in Korea but the largest Cd-D accounts among the food groups, followed by 'seaweed' as the third source. 'Fish and shellfish' were the largest Cd-D source among the food groups of animal origin. As for time trends, the estimated Cd-D decreased by 13% over a 10 year period, whereas no clear reduction was observed in Cd-B and Cd-U. Conclusion:The main Cd-D source for Korean women is foods of plant origin. 'Grains and cereals', and 'potatoes and starch', are the most influential sources of exposure to Cd. Overview of Cd-D exposure over 10 years showed a trend of a slight decrease, but there was no noteworthy reduction in Cd-B and Cd-U.

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“…The possible explanation is that the accumulation of lead exposure in children aged 7 to 12 years was lower than those of adults. On the other hand, the mean BLL in Taiwanese adults was lower than that in China and Korea, but higher than that in Japan [34,48,49]. The mean BLL in Taiwanese adults was not higher than that in most European countries [4,10,11,16,28,35,36] [5].…”

Section: The Distribution Of Blls Among Primary-school Childrenmentioning

confidence: 68%