Recent feminist literature on care has suggested that, conceptually, it is better to dissolve the boundaries between 'formal' and 'informal' care when analysing care. This article suggests that there are policy developments taking place, both in Britain and in some of the countries of Europe, which are dissolving the boundaries between formal and informal care, particularly as far as payment for care is concerned. It is argued that, in this case, far from benefit systems being a form of 'decommodification' they are actually a form of 'commodification' of the caring relationship. The article then explores these empirical developments, considers their gendered nature and gendered impact, and their possible consequences for the relationship between care-giver and care-recipient. This article has four themes: an attempt is made to define 'payments for care' using conceptual and empirical evidence; second, the article traces the development of these systems of payment both in Britain and elsewhere; third, it outlines why this is a topic of growing importance, particularly when analysed from a gendered perspective; and fourth, it outlines the dilemmas contained within these developments, particularly for feminists, but also for others concerned with thinking about the nature of care and paid/unpaid work.
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
The concept of 'care'It is the predominant theme of this article that the activities of 'informal care* are increasingly being commodified and that the new social and economic relations that arise therefrom pose dilemmas, particularly for Professor of Social Policy, University of Southampton: Hallsworth Fellow, University of Manchester, 1993/4