Paxton concilians: A New Genus and Species of Pseudamine Apogonid (Teleostei: Percoidei) from Northwestern Australia: The Sister Group of the Enigmatic Gymnapogon

Baldwin, Carole C.; Johnson, G. David

doi:10.2307/1447980

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These species, subgenera and genera were identified and provisionally allocated to tribes. Morphological characters from the following published studies were used for the reevaluation: Baldwin & Johnson (1999);Bergman (2004);Fraser (1972Fraser ( , 1973Fraser ( , 2008Fraser ( , 2013aFraser ( , 2013bFraser & Allen (2010); ; Gon (1993Gon ( , 1995Gon ( , 1996; Gon & Allen (2012); Gon & Randall (2003); Randall et al (1985); Vagelli (2011) and citations from these articles. Diagnoses were provided for the family, subfamilies and tribes.…”

Section: Morphological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type genus Paxton Baldwin & Johnson 1999 Diagnosis. One continuous dorsal fin, VI,19; anal fin I,15-16; internal support of spines by serial proximal-middle radials in near articulation with gaps between each spine, similar distance between 6th and 7th elements; sixth proximal-middle radial without serial spine or ray; fifth and seventh proximal-middle radials with serial spine and ray respectively; one supernumerary dorsal spine; supraneurals absent; first anal proximal-middle radial curved; 9+8 branched principal caudal fin-rays; caudal fin truncate or slightly rounded; vertebrae 10+14; epineurals on first two vertebrae; rod-like ribs on 3rd to 10th vertebrae; epineurals present on ribs of 3rd to 9th vertebrae; supramaxilla and basisphenoid absent; six infraorbitals, without shelf on third, only first and second in contact, third sixth not in contact and all small; medial and lateral extrascapular absent; preopercle ridge smooth and edge with single large spine at angle, preopercle, including spine, covered by skin; prootic excluded along internal orbit ring by pterosphenoids and parasphenoid; parietal separated by supraoccipital; a unique postfrontal bone; uroneurals absent; two epurals; haemal spines for PU3 and PU4 each fused to centra; parhypural fused to hypurals 1+2; terminal centrum fused with hypurals 3+4; hypural 5 absent; second epibranchial articulating with third pharyngobranchial; anterior and posterior ceratohyals sutured together by a few interdigitating struts medially; anterior ceratohyal not perforated; seven branchiostegals, anterior three ventrally followed by two on distal side of anterior ceratohyal, two on distal side of posterior ceratohyal; single postcleithrum.…”

Section: Paxtoninae New Subfamily Fraser and Mabuchimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distribution. This monotypic subfamily is known only from northwestern Western Australia, collected by trawls in 40-80 m. Only six specimens known (Baldwin & Johnson 1999; Atlas of Living Australia http:// www.ala.org.au/australias-species/).…”

Section: Paxtoninae New Subfamily Fraser and Mabuchimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the species was absent from the present molecular analyses, this tribe is proposed based only on morphology. Paxton is characterized by a series of morphological apomorphies not found in any other apogonid (Baldwin & Johnson 1999;Fraser 2013b). These apomorphies include: VI dorsal spines; a continuous dorsal fin as VI,19 without a notched division or expanded pterygiophores at the transition from spines to branched, segmented fin-rays (all other apogonids have deeply divided dorsal fins and unbranched segmented first fin-ray); sixth pterygiophore without a serial spine or ray or subdermal remnants (unique for a continuous dorsal fin?…”

Section: Paxtoninae New Subfamily Fraser and Mabuchimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baldwin & Johnson (1999) included the following four genera in the latter subfamily: Gymnapogon Regan 1905, Paxton Baldwin & Johnson 1999, Pseudamia Bleeker 1865, and Pseudamiops Smith 1954. Two recent molecular papers, however, proposed that the genus Gymnapogon was nested within the clade of the Apogoninae (Thacker & Roje 2009;Cowman & Bellwood 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters

Mabuchi¹,

Fraser²,

Song³

et al. 2014

Zootaxa

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Molecular analyses were conducted based on 120 of the estimated 358 species of the family Apogonidae with 33 of 40 genera and subgenera, using three gobioids and one kurtid as collective outgroups. Species of Amioides, Apogon, Apogonichthyoides, Apogonichthys, Archamia, Astrapogon, Brephamia, Cercamia, Cheilodipterus, Fibramia n. gen., Foa, Fowleria, Glossamia, Gymnapogon, Jaydia, Lachneratus, Nectamia, Ostorhinchus, Paroncheilus, Phaeoptyx, Pristiapogon, Pristicon, Pseudamia, Pterapogon, Rhabdamia, Siphamia, Sphaeramia, Taeniamia, Verulux, Vincentia, Yarica, Zapogon and Zoramia were present in the molecular analyses; species of Bentuviaichthys, Holapogon, Lepidamia, Neamia, Paxton, Pseudamiops and Quinca were absent from the analyses. Maximum-likelihood (ML), Bayesian (BA), and Maximum parsimony (MP) analyses based on two mitochondrial (12S rRNA-tRNAVal-16S rRNA, ca. 1500 bp; COI, ca. 1500 bp) and two nuclear DNA (RAG1, ca. 1300 bp; ENC1, ca. 800 bp) fragments reproduced two basal clades within the monophyletic family: one including a single species, Amioides polyacanthus, and the other comprising species of Pseudamia. All the other apogonid species formed a large well-established monophyletic group, in which almost identical 12 major clades were reproduced, with phylogenetic positions of four species (Glossamia aprion, Ostorhinchus margaritophorus, Pterapogon kauderni, and Vincentia novaehollandiae) left unsettled. Apogon sensu lato and recent Ostorhinchus (excepting O. margaritophorus) were divided into six and three major clades, respectively. Each of the recognized clades in the family was then evaluated for morphological characters to identify synapomorphies. Based on the results of the molecular analyses and the reevaluation of morphological characters, four subfamilies were proposed within the family: Apogoninae (including most of the species in the family), Amioidinae new subfamily (including Amioides, and based on morphology, Holapogon), Paxtoninae new subfamily (including Paxton, based only on morphology) and Pseudamiinae (including Pseudamia). Within the largest subfamily Apogoninae, twelve new tribes were proposed based on the 12 molecular clades and associated morphology: Apogonichthyini, Apogonini (mainly including species of Apogon sensu stricto), Archamiini, Cheilodipterini, Gymnapogonini, Ostorhinchini (including striped species of recent Ostorhinchus), Pristiapogonini, Rhabdamiini, Sphaeramiini (mainly including barred species of traditional Ostorhinchus, such as Apogonichthyoides, Jaydia and Nectamia), Siphamiini, Veruluxini, and Zoramiini. Two additional tribes are proposed based only on morphology: Glossamiini and Lepidamiini. For each of the 14 tribes, morphological characters were described. One new genus, Fibramia, type species Apogon thermalis, recently in Ostorhinchus, was described supported by morphology and molecular trees. A key to all genera is provided and all valid and uncertain status species are allocated to tribes and genera.

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