Pavlovian conditioning of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐induced increase of blood pressure and corticosterone secretion in the rat

Kreutz, Michael R.; Hellhammer, Dirk H.; Murison, Robert; Vetter, H; Krause, Ulrich; Lehnert, Hendrik

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09336.x

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CRH plays a significant role in stress and affective behaviour. Beside other functions, it enhances autonomic nervous system activity (Brown et al 1985;Kreutz et al 1992). In this study, both alprazolam and lorazepam affected autonomic nervous system activity, although the effects were small.…”

Section: Alprazolam (1 Mg) Versus Lorazepam (2 Mg)mentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of alprazolam and lorazepam on catecholaminergic and cardiovascular activity during supine rest, mental load and orthostatic challenge

et al. 1996

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Section: Alprazolam (1 Mg) Versus Lorazepam (2 Mg)mentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of alprazolam and lorazepam on catecholaminergic and cardiovascular activity during supine rest, mental load and orthostatic challenge

et al. 1996

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“…Repeated CS-US pairings resulted in the acquisition of a conditioned response (CR), the elevation of blood cortisol levels, associated with the exposure to the CS alone. Elevation of 4 corticosteroid levels as a primary CR has previously been reported for rodents (Buske-Kirschbaum et al, 1996;Kreutz et al, 1992) and humans (Sabbioni et al, 1997) but has not been previously demonstrated in fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Extinction of a conditioned response in rainbow trout selected for high or low responsiveness to stress

Moreira

Pulman

Pottinger

2004

Hormones and Behavior

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The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. AbstractTwo lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that exhibit divergent endocrine responsiveness to stressors also display disparate behavioral traits. To investigate whether the high-responding (HR) and low-responding (LR) fish also differ in cognitive function the rate of extinction of a conditioned response was compared between the two lines. Groups of HR and LR fish were exposed to a paired conditioned stimulus (CS; water-off) and unconditioned stimulus (US; confinement stressor). After exposure to 18 CS-US pairings at least 70% of individuals of both lines acquired a conditioned response (CR), manifested as an elevation of blood cortisol levels on presentation of the CS only. Post-conditioning, the fish were tested by presentation of the CS at weekly intervals, for 4 weeks, with no further reinforcement and the extinction of the CR in the two lines was compared. The decline in mean plasma cortisol levels after exposure to the CS over successive tests suggested that the CR was retained for a shorter period among the HR (<14 days) than LR fish (<21 days). The frequency of individuals within each line whose plasma cortisol levels indicated a stress response when exposed to the CS was significantly greater among the LR than HR fish at 14 and 21 days with no HR fish falling into this category at 21 days. At 28 days post-conditioning, there were no HR fish and only three LR fish that were categorized as "stressed". These results suggest that there are differences in cognitive function between the two lines. Possible mechanisms underlying these differences are discussed.

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“…Cortisol conditioning has been addressed by several animal studies, providing indications that the equivalent to cortisol in rodents, corticosterone, can be conditioned [31–33]. In humans, however, only very few studies have been conducted on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioning cortisol in humans: design and pilot study of a randomized controlled trial

Tekampe

Middendorp

Sweep

et al. 2019

Pilot Feasibility Stud

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BackgroundConditioning of physiological responses can be achieved by repeatedly pairing a previously neutral conditioned stimulus with the administration of a pharmacologically salient unconditioned stimulus. This type of conditioning has been effective for specific immune and endocrine responses, but results with regard to conditioning of cortisol, a key stress-regulatory parameter, are currently unclear. This paper describes a pharmacological conditioning design, optimized for the examination of effects of cortisol conditioning under both basal conditions and in response to stress.MethodsA double-blind randomized controlled conditioning paradigm aimed at conditioning of cortisol is conducted in 48 healthy female volunteers. During the acquisition phase, a gustatory stimulus (conditioned stimulus) is paired with hydrocortisone (100 mg, capsulated, unconditioned stimulus) three times before being administered together with placebo during three evocation sessions. To investigate possible effects of cortisol conditioning in response to stress, participants are exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test during the third evocation session. Primary outcome measure of this study is the mean area under the curve of salivary cortisol during the first two evocation sessions. As secondary outcomes, self-reported affect and stress as well as alpha-amylase are investigated. A pilot study was conducted to ensure that this design is feasible to be used in a larger study.DiscussionThis study design provides an innovative opportunity to examine the conditioning of cortisol under basal conditions and in response to stress. Also, the possible effect of cortisol conditioning on secondary outcomes of self-reported affect and alpha-amylase can be investigated. If cortisol could successfully be conditioned, this would be of conceptual relevance, showing that hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis regulation can be influenced by associative learning processes. Eventually, this could also have important clinical implications for understanding and treating stress-related disorders in which HPA axis dysregulation might play a role.Trial registrationNederlands Trial Register, NTR4651. Registered on 29 July 2014Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-018-0382-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Pavlovian conditioning of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐induced increase of blood pressure and corticosterone secretion in the rat

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of alprazolam and lorazepam on catecholaminergic and cardiovascular activity during supine rest, mental load and orthostatic challenge

Effects of alprazolam and lorazepam on catecholaminergic and cardiovascular activity during supine rest, mental load and orthostatic challenge

Extinction of a conditioned response in rainbow trout selected for high or low responsiveness to stress

Conditioning cortisol in humans: design and pilot study of a randomized controlled trial

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