Paving the Road Toward Exploiting the Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenosides: An Emphasis on Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Tavakol, Shima; Mohammadinejad, Reza; Ahmadi, Zahra; Yaribeygi, Habib; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Johnston, Thomas P.; Sahebkar, Amirhossein

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_12

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Recently, it has been proposed that ER stress results in the formation of a protein complex consisting of Atg5, p62, FADD, LC3B, and pro‐caspase‐8, leading to the activation of caspase and induction of cell death (Iurlaro & Munoz‐Pinedo, 2016). In tune with our findings, a recent study has demonstrated that ginsenosides act as therapeutic agents by the modulation of ER stress and autophagy (Ashrafizadeh et al, 2021). Furthermore, the co‐treatment of PCa cells with the autophagy inhibitor, 3‐methyladenine, completely blocked the activation of caspase‐8 (effector caspase) and its downstream target caspase‐3 (executioner caspase), thus providing evidence that the induction of apoptosis by the cinnamon compounds was dependent on autophagosomes formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Aromatic monophenols from cinnamon bark act as proteasome inhibitors by upregulating ER stress, suppressing FoxM1 expression, and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Gopalakrishnan

Ismail

2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Cinnamon contains bioactive substances with diverse medicinal properties. We investigated the anticancer potential of abundant monophenols from cinnamon, namely, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and eugenol, by hypothesizing that they possess proteasome inhibitory activities capable of suppressing cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating proteasome inhibitory activities of the compounds, and assessing downstream molecular and cellular events that are known to be impacted by proteasome inhibitors. The cinnamon compounds inhibited the catalytic activities of the proteasome in prostate cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Treatment with cinnamon compounds or the synthetic proteasome inhibitor MG132 upregulated p27 and IkBα proteins, and downregulated FoxM1 and angiogenic markers. These molecular events were associated with the decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Treatment with cinnamon compounds or MG132 upregulated the expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (BIP, PERK, CHOP, and XBP1(S)).Furthermore, cinnamon compounds or MG132 upregulated the expression of genes required for the assembly of the caspase-8 activation platform in autophagosomes (LC3B, ATG5, p62, and Beclin1). The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, blocked the compounds-mediated activation of caspase-8 and its downstream target caspase-3. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition by aromatic monophenols from cinnamon inhibits proliferation and leads to the death of prostate cancer cells by autophagy-dependent apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Aromatic monophenols from cinnamon bark act as proteasome inhibitors by upregulating ER stress, suppressing FoxM1 expression, and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Gopalakrishnan

Ismail

2021

Phytotherapy Research

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“…The ginsenosides are derivatives from ginseng that have therapeutics impacts including anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, and among them, anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides is of importance [ 401 , 402 , 403 ]. The ginsenoside Rg3 is able to suppress progression of colorectal tumor cells and enhance their sensitivity to oxaliplatin and 5-flouroruacil chemotherapy.…”

Section: Dietary Agents and Cancer Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

Paskeh

Asadi²,

Zabolian

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology via restoring mitophagy

Wang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Paving the Road Toward Exploiting the Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenosides: An Emphasis on Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 203 publications

Aromatic monophenols from cinnamon bark act as proteasome inhibitors by upregulating ER stress, suppressing FoxM1 expression, and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Aromatic monophenols from cinnamon bark act as proteasome inhibitors by upregulating ER stress, suppressing FoxM1 expression, and inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology via restoring mitophagy

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