Paulogramma hydarnis (n. comb.) (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): Distribution, Systematic Position, and Conservation Status of a Rare and Endangered Butterfly

Abstract

The nymphalid Paulogramma hydarnis (Godart) (n. comb., previously in the genus Callicore) is an endangered butterfly present in a few montane sites in the Atlantic Forest in the Southeastern Brazil. The precise systematic position of P. hydarnis was previously unknown. Based on molecular data, we find that it is sister to Paulogramma pygas (Godart) (n. comb., also previously in Callicore), a common and widespread species in the Neotropics. In addition, we find that Callicore is not monophyletic and that "Callicore" hydarnis (along with other species) is more related to the genus Paulogramma, and should thus be placed in that genus. The genus Paulogramma is now composed by the following species: Paulogramma pyracmon (Godart), Paulogramma eunomia (Hewitson) n. comb., Paulogramma hydarnis (Godart) n. comb., Paulogramma hystaspes (Fabricius) n. comb., Paulogramma pygas (Godart) n. comb., and Paulogramma tolima (Hewitson, 1852) n. comb. Museum specimens and field data report P. hydarnis in four sites in Southeastern Brazil. Recently, P. hydarnis was recorded for the first time at Parque Nacional do Caparaó, states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, expanding its distribution about 200 km northward of the previously known limit. Although regularly recorded in some sites, most records are historic, before the 1960s, and the current conservation situation of this species is delicate, deserving attention.

Species diversity and community structure of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in an eastern amazonian forest

“…Among this group, fruit-feeding butterflies have been widely used as bioindicators because of their sensitivity to environmental modifications (Brown Jr. & Freitas, 2000;Fermon et al, 2005;Barlow et al, 2007;Uehara-Prado et al, 2007). This guild feeds on rotten fruits, plant exudates, carcasses, and mammal excrement (Devries, 1987;Devries et al, 1997;Freitas et al, 2014), and it includes four Nymphalidae subfamilies (Biblidinae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae and Nymphalinae [only the tribe Coeini]) (Wahlberg et al, 2009). Despite fruitfeeding butterflies being a well-known group, knowledge of butterfly diversity varies greatly with locations in Brazil (Santos et al, 2008).…”

An integrative approach elucidates the systematics of Sea Hayward and Cybdelis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae)

“…(), the remainder of the genera of Biblidinae are included in tribes, but with rectified family‐group names (see Discussion). Species of the ten genera not sampled in both analyses are here included in Callicorini ( Antigonis C. Felder, Archaeogramma Attal & Viloria (in Costa et al, ), Callicore Hübner, Catacore Dillon, Mesotaenia Kirby, Orophila Staudinger and Perisama Doubleday) and Epiphilini ( Asterope Hübner, Bolboneura Godman & Salvin and Peria Kirby), following current taxonomic hypotheses (Dillon, ; Freitas & Brown, ; Lamas, ; Freitas et al, ).…”

Thisbe silvestresp. nov. (Lepidoptera:Riodinidae): a new myrmecophilous butterfly from theBrazilianAtlanticForest

“…Accordingly, as suggested for another endangered species in the same area (see Freitas et al 2014), conservation management actions should take the conservation status of this species into account. This includes the reduction of human disturbance to low levels in the area where the species occurs (e.g.…”