Paulo Coelho’nun Veroni̇ka Ölmek İsti̇yor Romanindaki̇ Ana Karakteri̇n İnti̇harina İli̇şki̇n Freudyen Psi̇koloji̇k Unsurlarin İncelenmesi̇

Abstract

Suicide, one of the most common problems in modern and postmodern societies, is a socio-psychiatric phenomenon existing in every society or culture. In the past, the concept of suicide was only included in psychiatry; however, with an increasing awareness of some social factors behind suicide, it is now being tackled from a sociological perspective. In the second half of the twentieth century, changes in relationships and lifestyles of modern society begin to be more apparent in postmodern culture. Expectations for the future dramatically decline in this period. The notion of absolute nothingness is now clearly seen in every aspect of human life. All these elements affect humans' inner peace and cause physical, mental, and psychological deterioration. Veronika Decides to Die, written by Paulo Coelho in 1998, deals with the psychological journey of a young woman who loses her motivation to live and attempts suicide. Coelho, based on his own life experiences, reveals the psychological transformations of the main character Veronika, whose suicide attempt fails. Therefore, both the conflict between life and death and the conflict between self and society are highly significant to analyze some possible reasons for the suicidal behaviors of Veronika. In this respect, this paper intends to analyze the novel from the psychoanalytic perspective of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The psychological and environmental motivation behind the suicide attempt will be clarified with Freudian psychology theory of life (Eros) and death (Thanatos) instincts, and their relation to id, ego, and superego.