Patterns of zooplankton diversity through the depths of the Arctic’s central basins

Kosobokova, Ksenia; Hopcroft, Russell R.; Hirche, Hans-Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s12526-010-0057-9

Cited by 112 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Atlantic expatriates in the Arctic Basin can considerably influence the composition of Arctic zooplankton communities; they might exert top-down control on primary production, and may also be an important food source for higher trophic levels (Olli et al, 2007;Kosobokova et al, 2011;Falk-Petersen et al, 2014). How the inflow of Atlantic species will manifest itself in Arctic food webs in the future is less clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait

et al. 2018

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The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow through the shallow Pacific-Arctic gateway. However, because this transport has not yet been adequately quantified based on observational data, the present contribution is poorly defined, and future changes in Arctic zooplankton communities are difficult to project and observe. Our objective was to quantify the inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Fram Strait during different seasons, including winter. We collected data with high spatial resolution covering hydrography (CTD), currents (ADCP and LADCP) and zooplankton distributions (LOPC and MultiNet) from surface to 1,000 m depth along two transects crossing the AW inflow during three cruises in January, May and August 2014. Long-term variations (1997 in the AW inflow were analyzed based on moored current meters. Water transport across the inflow region was of the same order of magnitude during all months (January 2.2 Sv, May 1.9 Sv, August 1.7 Sv). We found a higher variability in zooplankton transport between the months (January 51 kg C s −1 , May 34 kg C s −1 , August 50 kg C s −1 ), related to seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. However, high abundances of carbon-rich copepods were observed in the AW inflow during all months. Surface patches with high abundances of C. finmarchicus, Microcalanus spp., Pseudocalanus spp., and Oithona similis clearly contributed to the advected biomass, also in winter. The data reveal that the phenology of species is important for the amount of advected biomass, and that the advective input of zooplankton carbon into the Arctic Basin is important during all seasons. The advective zooplankton input might be especially important for mesopelagic planktivorous predators that were recently observed in the region, particularly during winter. The inflow of C. finmarchicus with AW was estimated to be in the order of 500,000 metric tons C y −1 , which compares well to modeled estimates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait

et al. 2018

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“…The Arctic Ocean contains a mix of Arctic endemic species and boreal species of either Atlantic or Pacific origin that are advected to the Arctic Ocean by the inflow currents from the Atlantic and Pacific or the Arctic shelf Kosobokova et al, 2011). The advection of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic gateways is 2-3 times higher than through the Pacific gateway, a difference that is driven by the large volume of inflows from the Atlantic (Wassmann et al, 2015).…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An allochthonous assemblage of mostly Atlantic zooplankton species dominates the zooplankton in the Amundsen and Nansen basins and zooplankton biomass is highest in the core of the Atlantic inflow along the Eurasian continental margin Hirche, 2000, 2009;Hirche and Kosobokova, 2007;Kosobokova et al, 2011). The biomass and proportion of Atlantic species decreases rapidly towards the interior shelf seas and the central basins Hirche, 2000, 2009;Wassmann et al, 2015).…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Atlantic C. finmarchicus can be transported as far as the Makarov Basin, but not to the Canada Basin (Kosobokova and Hirche, 2009;Kosobokova et al, 2011). It is unlikely that boreal zooplankton species are able to reproduce on the Arctic shelf due to the low water temperatures and the short growing season (Jaschnov, 1970;Tande et al, 1985;Slagstad et al, 2011;Wassmann et al, 2015).…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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“…In recent years, a number of reviews (e.g., Kosobokova et al, 2011;Piepenburg et al, 2011;Josefson et al, 2013) have been based on an increasing number of field expeditions over the past two decades. However, the biodiversity and spatial distribution of bryozoans, in particular, still have not been estimated, although this group is one of the most diverse fauna in the Arctic (Gontar and Denisenko, 1989;Josefson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Bryozoan Fauna Biodiversity and Issues of Biogeographic Regionalization of the Chukchi Sea

Денисенко¹,

Grebmeier²

2015

Oceanog

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Patterns of zooplankton diversity through the depths of the Arctic’s central basins

Cited by 112 publications

References 46 publications

Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait

Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Spatial Patterns of Bryozoan Fauna Biodiversity and Issues of Biogeographic Regionalization of the Chukchi Sea

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