Patterns of vertical distribution and migration of zooplankton at Ocean Station “P”1

Marlowe, Christopher J.; Miller, Charles B.

doi:10.4319/lo.1975.20.5.0824

Cited by 59 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many other species of zooplankton at Station "P" had patterns of distribution correlated with the thermocline, and the highest biomass of total zoooplankton was above the thermocline, peaking at 25 m (Marlowe and Miller 1975). Although both Sagitta and Eukrohnicl were found at 25 m, their populations also inhabited zones of lower potential food biomass above and below 25 m, Feeding (F) varied in relation to this biomass distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The samples collected by C. B. Miller for describing the vertical structure of the zooplankton community at Station "P" provide the basis of my study, Methods of zooplankton collection and counting were given by Marlowe and Miller ( 1975).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An understanding of the way in which vertical distribution affects community and species ecology requires detailed and accurate information on the vertical distribution: such data are hard to get in the open ocean and have only recently become available (Angel and Fasham 1973;Marlowe and Miller 1975;Ortner et al 1978). Using the detailed information collected by Marlowe and Miller at Station "P" in the subarctic Pacific (50"N, I45"W) together with new information on the feeding behavior of two predators in this community, I have tried to determine how these predators flmction in relation to the vertical distribution of the zooplankton community.…”

Section: Many Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ feeding behavior of Sagitta elegans and Eukrohnia hamata (Chaetognatha) in relation to the vertical distribution and abundance of prey at Ocean Station “P”1

Sullivan

1980

Limnology & Oceanography

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The feeding behavior and diet in nature are described for two species of chaetognaths in an open ocean community. Sagitta elegans lives and feeds primarily in the upper water column (0–25 m) and the vertical distribution of this species may be explained primarily by its requirement of high prey densities. Eukrohnia hamata apparently needs less food and is found mainly below the mixed layer with a vertical distribution restricted by temperature. The same prey species, those with the highest densities at Station “P,” make up the diet of both chaetognaths, although Eukrohnia eats significantly more small prey. The major prey of juvenile chaetognaths (numerical frequency) are small cyclopoid copepods, a group frequently overlooked in plankton surveys. These species also comprise 41% of the diet of older chaetognaths, which prey in addition on stage V copepodites of the largest copepods. It is suggested that the development of larval chaetognaths depends on abundant, small prey but that older chaetognaths can handle prey of a very wide spectrum of sizes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Many Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ feeding behavior of Sagitta elegans and Eukrohnia hamata (Chaetognatha) in relation to the vertical distribution and abundance of prey at Ocean Station “P”1

Sullivan

1980

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…pacificus, 3.03-3.49 mm) were widely discussed in much of the qualitative, descriptive zooplankton literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Yet only a handful of quantitative studies have been published on the comparative ecology of these two genera, with only a few recent studies addressing these two species (Marlowe andMiller 1975 andSmith et al 1989 on vertical distributions; Mackas and Burns 1986 on feeding; Dagg et al 1989 on vertical distributions and feeding).…”

Section: Metridia Lucens Heck and Calanus Pacijkusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distributions and susceptibilities to vertebrate predation of the marine copepods Metridia lucens and Calanus pacificus

Bollens

Osgood

Frost

et al. 1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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We present results of a 2‐yr field study of the vertical distributions and diel vertical migrations (DVM) of Metridia lucens Boeck in Dabob Bay, Washington, and compare them to previous findings for co‐occurring Calanus pacificus Brodsky. M. lucens was found deeper than C. paciftcus, both day and night, and always exhibited DVM behavior, whereas C. pacificus exhibited more variable migration behavior, occasionally occurring in the surface layer in the daytime. These results led us to test the hypothesis that M. lucens exhibits greater avoidance of the well‐lit surface layer than C. pacificus because the former is more susceptible to predation by planktivorous fish. A 2‐yr field study of the diet and ambient prey fields of planktivorous fish in Dabob Bay indicated that 31 of 39 species/size classes of fish exhibited greater electivity for C. pacificus than M. lucens. A series of laboratory experiments corroborated these findings by showing juvenile Pacific herring to exhibit a highly statistically significant preference for C. pacificus over M. lucens. On the basis of both studies we reject the hypothesis that M. lucens is more susceptible to visual predation than C. pacificus and we conclude that the deeper distribution and greater avoidance of surface waters of M. lucens must be due to some other factor.

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“…Calanus pacificus Brodsky and Metridia lucens Boeck CO-occur and often numerically dominate the mesozooplankton in the shelf and slope waters of the eastern temperate Pacific Ocean (Star & Mullin 1981, Gardner & Szabo 1982 and across much of the oceanic subarctic Pacific (Park 1968, Minoda 1931, Marlowe & Miller 1975. Despite their importance in the same areas, and their superficial morphological similarities (including body size), few studies have compared aspects of the ecologies of these 2 species (see Bollens et al in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic diel vertical migration behaviors of the marine planktonic copepods Calanus pacificus and Metridia lucens

Ke¹,

Frost²

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Daytime and nighttime vertically stratified zooplankton samples spanning the entire water column were obtained from Dabob Bay. Washington. USA, during several years. Vertical distributions of all the copepodid stages of Calanus pacificus and Metndia lucens were analyzed from 8 cruises representing the range of seasons, as well as several dates when inferred invertebrate or vertebrate predation pressures on zooplankton were strong or weak. Migration behaviors of similar-sized stages of C. pacificus and M. lucens differed. C. pacificus was closely associated with the surface waters; a large percentage of every stage was always in the surface 50 m at night except when the C5s were in diapause. During the day the different stages of C. pacificus showed varying degrees of avoidance of the surface layers, with the older, larger stages generally being deeper. The C4 and younger stages were particularly tied to the surface waters, with the majority of the population usually in the top 25 m during the day and night. M. lucens was less strongly associated with the surface layers. While the adult females, and usually the CSs, underwent a normal diel vetical migration (DVM), entering the surface 50 m at night, the vast majority of the adult males always stayed below 75 m. The C4 and younger stages showed more varied behavior. On some dates they underwent a reverse DVM, avoiding the surface 25 m at night, at other times they avoided the surface 10 m particularly during the day, while on still other dates the C3 and younger stages avoided the surface 25 m day and night. On most dates there were significant portions of all the stages in the deepest layers sampled. Differences in the 2 species' migration behavior may be due to differences in their susceptibility to predation, or some additional aspect of their biologies.

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Patterns of vertical distribution and migration of zooplankton at Ocean Station “P”1

Abstract: Stratified bongo net samples taken at depths between 0 and 500 m at Ocean

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

In situ feeding behavior of Sagitta elegans and Eukrohnia hamata (Chaetognatha) in relation to the vertical distribution and abundance of prey at Ocean Station “P”1

In situ feeding behavior of Sagitta elegans and Eukrohnia hamata (Chaetognatha) in relation to the vertical distribution and abundance of prey at Ocean Station “P”1

Vertical distributions and susceptibilities to vertebrate predation of the marine copepods Metridia lucens and Calanus pacificus

Ontogenetic diel vertical migration behaviors of the marine planktonic copepods Calanus pacificus and Metridia lucens

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