Patterns of Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the Lower Mississippi Delta for 2008–2015: Linkage to Pyrethroid Use and Cotton Insect Management

Abstract

Populations of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), from the Lower Mississippi Delta regions of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi were evaluated from 2008 through 2015 for susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides using a diagnostic-dose assay with permethrin. Resulting data add to the compilation of pyrethroid susceptibility data carefully tracked in this pest since 1994 and provide continuing evidence of high frequencies of pyrethroid resistance in field populations of the tarnished plant bug. Resistance levels are variable, and some populations remain susceptible suggesting practical value in the continued use of the diagnostic-dose assays prior to pyrethroid treatments. Recent studies with dose–response models suggest that levels of pyrethroid resistance in some populations may still be evolving, with some populations requiring higher doses to reach levels of control comparable to those observed 10 yr ago. Concerns for frequent use of multiple classes of insecticides and possible selection for tarnished plant bugs with metabolic resistance mechanisms capable of detoxifying available insecticide chemistries warrant continued efforts to manage resistance in this important crop pest. Associations among measured pyrethroid resistance levels, published data on annual use of pyrethroid insecticides, and annual estimates of cotton insect losses and control costs were explored and summarized for the 8 yr of this investigation. Mortality of tarnished plant bugs at the diagnostic-dose of permethrin was negatively correlated with kilograms of pyrethroids applied per acre of harvested cropland.

Resistance monitoring to four insecticides and mechanisms of resistance in Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) populations of southeastern USA cotton

“…wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ps counties in northern AL similar to midsouthern states, 35 may be related to varying frequencies of heterozygosity in these populations; however, genomic data are needed to substantiate this claim. Furthermore, significantly higher LC 50 and RR 50 values for bifenthrin were observed in late-season collections in VA and NC from cultivated crops compared to early-season collections from wild hosts in the same year [ Fig.…”

“…32 Additionally, discriminating dose assays have been validated with log-probit bioassays to serve as a practical means to monitor insecticide resistance in field populations. 18,[32][33][34][35] Metabolic mechanisms of resistance have been explored in L. lineolaris populations resistant to different modes of action. Zhu and Snodgrass 36 found elevated cytochrome P450 (CYP 450 ) mRNA in pyrethroid-resistant L. lineolaris populations compared to a susceptible laboratory (hereafter, 'Lab') strain.…”

Semisynthesis of novel N‐acyl/sulfonyl derivatives of 5(3,5)‐(di)halogenocytisines/cytisine and their pesticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius

“…In China, intermittent outbreaks of M. separata occurred widely in 2012, and approximately four million hectares of crops were completely lost . Meanwhile, due to the extensive and unreasonable application of synthetic pesticides to control pests, resistance in pest populations and negative impacts on human health and environmental safety have simultaneously emerged . Therefore, the development of new potential pesticides to effectively and selectively control insect pests is very urgent.…”

“…5 Meanwhile, due to the extensive and unreasonable application of synthetic pesticides to control pests, resistance in pest populations and negative impacts on human health and environmental safety have simultaneously emerged. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Therefore, the development of new potential pesticides to effectively and selectively control insect pests is very urgent. The discovery and development of potential alternatives derived from natural products has received much attention.…”

Chemical and Non-Chemical Options for Managing Twospotted Spider Mite, Western Tarnished Plant Bug and Other Arthropod Pests in Strawberries

“…Excessive use of chemicals leads to pesticide resistance, making it more challenging to manage pests that are already difficult to control [8,9,10]. Although several botanical and microbial pesticides are registered against L. hesperus , T. urticae and other strawberry pests, they are used only to a limited extent and are primarily perceived as options meant for organic agriculture.…”