Patterns of spread of coral disease in the Florida Keys

Porter, James W.; Dustan, Phillip; Jaap, Walter C.; Patterson, Kathryn L.; Kosmynin, Vladimir N.; Meier, Ouida W.; Patterson, Matthew E.; Parsons, Mel

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3284-0_1

Cited by 119 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similar patterns have been reported in black band disease in the Caribbean and the Florida Keys (Rützler et al 1983, Edmunds 1991, Kuta & Richardson 1996, Bruckner & Bruckner 1997, yellow band disease on Acropora clathrata in the Arabian Gulf (Korrûbel 1998), white pox disease on A. palmata in the Florida Keys (Patterson et al 2002), white plague on corals in Puerto Rico (Bruckner & Bruckner 1997) and also in bacterial bleaching in Oculina patagonica (Kushmaro et al 1998). In a recent review of the ecology and aetiology of newly emerging marine diseases, Porter et al (2001) emphasise the repeated theme of a link between coral disease and temperature; although seasonality is not clear in all cases (Santavy et al 2001). …”

Section: In Situ Studiessupporting

confidence: 55%

Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak

Jones¹,

Bowyer²,

Høegh-Guldberg³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

127

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Section: In Situ Studiessupporting

confidence: 55%

Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak

Jones¹,

Bowyer²,

Høegh-Guldberg³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

127

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“…As discussed previously, it is generally agreed that anthropogenic activities strongly impact the nearshore waters of the Florida Keys (Paul et al 1995, Lapointe et al 1990, Porter et al 2001, Lipp et al 2002. However, because of its complexity, not much is known about the dynamics of nearshore pollution making its way to offshore reefs.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Influences On Bbd-associated Microbial Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, nutrient analyses performed by the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources on a sample collected during a bypass event detected nitrogen (total Kjedahl nitrogen) as high as 162 µM. This is much higher than the 86 µM maximum recorded on Key Largo reef sites.As discussed previously, it is generally agreed that anthropogenic activities strongly impact the nearshore waters of the Florida Keys (Paul et al 1995, Lapointe et al 1990, Porter et al 2001, Lipp et al 2002. However, because of its complexity, not much is known about the dynamics of nearshore pollution making its way to offshore reefs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community composition of black band disease on the coral host Siderastrea siderea from three regions of the wider Caribbean

Sekar¹,

Kaczmarsky²,

Richardson³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

116

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Microbial communities associated with black band disease (BBD) on colonies of the reef building coral Siderastrea siderea from reefs in 3 regions of the wider Caribbean were studied using 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Samples were collected from 7 BBD-infected S. siderea colonies on 2 reefs near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, one reef in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA, and 2 reefs in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Genomic DNA extracted from BBD samples was PCR-amplified with universal bacterial primers (27F and 1492R). Seven clone libraries were constructed and 411 sequences were retrieved. All of the clone libraries were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and contained sequences associated with bacteria of the sulfur cycle, including the first report of the molecular detection of sequences related to the sulfide-oxidizing genus Beggiatoa in BBD field samples. Additionally, all clone libraries had sequence types of bacteria associated with toxin producing dinoflagellates. These sequences were most abundant in a sewage impacted reef site in St. Croix, which also had the highest prevalence of BBD-infected colonies. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis showed clustering of BBD microbial communities by relative level of anthropogenic impact. The results support the hypothesis that BBD is composed of variable members of distinct physiological and toxin associated bacterial groups and that the microbial community variation is associated with environmental differences such as anthropogenic impact. We propose that with degrading water quality (i.e. increasing nutrients) certain proteobacteria thrive and increase BBD virulence. KEY WORDS: Black band disease · Coral disease · Siderastrea siderea · Microbial communities · Anthropogenic impact · Caribbean Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 362: [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] 2008 Ramos- Flores 1983, Richardson 1996, Cooney et al. 2002, Frias-Lopez et al. 2004, Sekar et al. 2006, Barneah et al. 2007). Members of all of these groups have been proposed as primary pathogens; however, few have been isolated into culture and Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled for any of them (Richardson 2004).The fulfillment of Koch's postulates has classically been the 'gold standard' for verifying that a suspected microbial pathogen is responsible for a specific disease. To fulfill Koch's postulates requires that the following are conclusively demonstrated: (1) the suspected causal organism must be constantly associated with the diseased host and is not present in healthy hosts; (2) the suspected organism must be cultivated into pure culture from the diseased host; (3) when a healthy host is inoculated with a pure culture of the suspected organism, it should cause the disease; and (4) the organism must be reisolated from the diseased host (Koch 1884). For coral hosts, only bacterial bleaching, sea fan aspergillosis, white plague Type II and ...

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“…6,8,26 Diseases in corals are also being documented more frequently in the Pacific, 35 with recent examples including tissue loss diseases in Acropora sp from the Great Barrier Reef and the Marshall Islands, 31 Montipora sp from Hawaii, 2 and Porites from the Philippines. 28 Lesions such as tissue loss, growth anomalies, or discoloration in corals are manifestations of disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross and Microscopic Lesions in Corals from Micronesia

2015

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The authors documented gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in corals on 7 islands spanning western, southern, and eastern Micronesia, sampling 76 colonies comprising 30 species of corals among 18 genera, with Acropora, Porites, and Montipora dominating. Tissue loss comprised the majority of gross lesions sampled (41%), followed by discoloration (30%) and growth anomaly (29%). Of 31 cases of tissue loss, most lesions were subacute (48%), followed by acute and chronic (26% each). Of 23 samples with discoloration, most were dark discoloration (40%), with bleaching and other discoloration each constituting 30%. Of 22 growth anomalies, umbonate growth anomalies composed half, with exophytic, nodular, and rugose growth anomalies composing the remainder. On histopathology, for 9 cases of dark discoloration, fungal infections predominated (77%); for 7 bleached corals, depletion of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis made up a majority of microscopic diagnoses (57%); and for growth anomalies other than umbonate, hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the most common microscopic finding (63%). For the remainder of the gross lesions, no single microscopic finding constituted >50% of the total. Host response varied with the agent present on histology. Fragmentation of tissues was most often associated with algae (60%), whereas necrosis dominated (53%) for fungi. Two newly documented potentially symbiotic tissue-associated metazoans were seen in Porites and Montipora. Findings of multiple potential etiologies for a given gross lesion highlight the importance of incorporating histopathology in coral disease surveys. This study also expands the range of corals infected with cell-associated microbial aggregates.

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Patterns of spread of coral disease in the Florida Keys

Cited by 119 publications

References 23 publications

Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak

Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak

Microbial community composition of black band disease on the coral host Siderastrea siderea from three regions of the wider Caribbean

Gross and Microscopic Lesions in Corals from Micronesia

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