Patterns of Speciation and Adaptive Radiation in Parnassius Butterflies

Rebourg, C.; Petenian, Frederic; Cosson, Emmanuel; Faure, Éric

doi:10.3923/je.2006.204.215

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…a new host plant) can be an adaptive breakthrough (Ehrlich and Raven 1964), providing higher opportunities for speciation at the start of the radiation, which significantly decrease as species accumulate. Though we did not detect this diversitydependence effect in Parnassiinae, a pattern of speciation decreasing with standing diversity (and constant extinction rates) was found in Parnassius, supporting the hypothesis of this genus as an example of an adaptive radiation (Rebourg et al 2006), driven by the evolution of a new host-plant association. The inference of similar extinction rates in clades of Parnassiinae feeding on different host plants does agree with Van Valen's (1973) RQ hypothesis, which assumes constant extinction probabilities shared by all members of any given higher taxon.…”

Section: Ecological Interactions Via Insect-plant Diversification and Host-plant Shiftscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Tribes Luehdorfiini and Zerynthiini feed on Aristolochiaceae, the ancestral host of Parnassiinae (Condamine et al 2012). Within Parnassiini, Hypermnestra feeds on Zygophyllaceae, while Parnassius has experienced two host-plant shifts, toward Crassulaceae+Saxifragaceae and Papaveraceae (Michel et al 2008;Condamine et al 2012), and is regarded as an adaptive radiation (Rebourg et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies

et al. 2018

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In macroevolution, the Red Queen (RQ) model posits that biodiversity dynamics depend mainly on species-intrinsic biotic factors such as interactions among species or life-history traits, while the Court Jester (CJ) model states that extrinsic environmental abiotic factors have a stronger role. Until recently, a lack of relevant methodological approaches has prevented the unraveling of contributions from these 2 types of factors to the evolutionary history of a lineage. Herein, we take advantage of the rapid development of new macroevolution models that tie diversification rates to changes in paleoenvironmental (extrinsic) and/or biotic (intrinsic) factors. We inferred a robust and fully-sampled species-level phylogeny, as well as divergence times and ancestral geographic ranges, and related these to the radiation of Apollo butterflies (Parnassiinae) using both extant (molecular) and extinct (fossil/morphological) evidence. We tested whether their diversification dynamics are better explained by an RQ or CJ hypothesis, by assessing whether speciation and extinction were mediated by diversity-dependence (niche filling) and clade-dependent host-plant association (RQ) or by large-scale continuous changes in extrinsic factors such as climate or geology (CJ). For the RQ hypothesis, we found significant differences in speciation rates associated with different host-plants but detected no sign of diversity-dependence. For CJ, the role of Himalayan-Tibetan building was substantial for biogeography but not a driver of high speciation, while positive dependence between warm climate and speciation/extinction was supported by continuously varying maximum-likelihood models. We find that rather than a single factor, the joint effect of multiple factors (biogeography, species traits, environmental drivers, and mass extinction) is responsible for current diversity patterns and that the same factor might act differently across clades, emphasizing the notion of opportunity. This study confirms the importance of the confluence of several factors rather than single explanations in modeling diversification within lineages.

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Section: Ecological Interactions Via Insect-plant Diversification and Host-plant Shiftscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies

et al. 2018

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“…To verify the previous observation that Parnassius butterflies experienced early rapid radiation [ 39 ], we further analysed the reticulate evolutionary relationships based on the previously published transcriptomes of Parnassius ( P. imperator Oberthür, 1883, P. simo Gray, 1852, P. orleans Oberthür, 1890, P. acdestis Grum-Grshimailo, 1891, P. epaphus Oberthür, 1879, P. cephalus Grum-Grshimailo, 1891, P. glacialis Butler, 1866, and P. jacquemontii Boisduval, 1836) and the outgroup species S. montelus [ 40 ]. High-quality reads were assembled using Trinity [ 41 ], and the obtained transcripts were clustered to unigenes by using Cd-hit-est (threshold 0.95) [ 42 ]; the putative orthologues were identified using OrthoFinder [ 43 ], and the single-copy unigenes were selected and aligned using MUSCLE [ 44 ] to obtain the information condensed by Gblock [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Parnassius Butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) Reveal Their Origin and Deep Diversification in West China

Zhao

Tao

et al. 2022

Insects

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We studied 239 imagoes of 12 Parnassius species collected from the mountains of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its neighbouring areas in China. We selected three mitochondrial gene (COI, ND1, and ND5) sequences, along with the homologous gene sequences of other Parnassius species from GenBank, to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree and biogeographic history of this genus. Our results show that Parnassius comprises eight monophyletic subgenera, with subgenus Parnassius at the basal position; the genus crown group originated during the Middle Miocene (ca. 16.99 Ma), and species diversification continued during sustained cooling phases after the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) when the QTP and its neighbouring regions experienced rapid uplift and extensive orogeny. A phylogenetic network analysis based on transcriptomes from GenBank suggests that ancient gene introgression might have contributed to the spread of the Parnassius genus to different altitudes. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that Parnassius most likely originated in West China (QTP and Xinjiang) and then spread to America in two dispersal events as subgenera Driopa and Parnassius, along with their host plants Papaveraceae and Crassulaceae, respectively. Our study suggests that extensive mountain-building processes led to habitat fragmentation in the QTP, leading to the early diversification of Parnassius, and climate cooling after MMCO was the driving mechanism for the dispersal of Parnassius butterflies from West China to East Asia, Europe, and North America.

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“…Because of the altitude adaptations, variations in body size and colour, host-plant shifts, and a phylogenetic pattern suggesting a rapid early diversification [21,22], the genus was proposed as a case of adaptive radiation. Time-calibrated phylogenies of Parnassius have resulted in a completely sampled tree especially suited for examining their diversification dynamics [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the species -area relationship, one would expect that a larger area distribution would confer a higher potential for species accumulation and diversification [14]. Although allopatric speciation might have been an important mechanism explaining the diversification of Parnassius in general [21], sympatric species are common within a subgenus or secondary sympatry among subgenera, which suggests that ecological speciation has been at play [22]. Phylogenetic evidence also suggests that Parnassius is divided into two host-feeding groups: the subgenus Parnassius feeds mainly on Crassulaceae, and the remaining subgenera feed mainly on Papaveraceae-Saxifragaceae [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited by the roof of the world: mountain radiations of Apollo swallowtails controlled by diversity-dependence processes

Condamine¹

2018

Biol. Lett.

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Mountainous areas contain a substantial part of the world species richness, but the evolutionary origins and diversification of this biodiversity remain elusive. Diversification may result from differences in clade age (longer time to diversify), net diversification rates (faster speciation rate) or carrying capacities (number of niches). The likelihood of these macroevolutionary scenarios was assessed for six clades of Apollo swallowtails () that diversified mainly in the Himalayan-Tibetan region. The analyses suggest that neither the clade age nor the speciation rate could explain the mountain butterfly diversification. Instead diversity-dependence models were strongly supported for each group. Models further estimated clades' carrying capacities, which approximate to the current number of species, indicating that diversity equilibrium has been reached (or close to being reached). The results suggest that diversification of mountain butterflies was controlled by ecological limits, which governed the number of niches, and provide macroevolutionary justification for regarding mountains as islands.

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Patterns of Speciation and Adaptive Radiation in Parnassius Butterflies

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies

Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies

Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Parnassius Butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) Reveal Their Origin and Deep Diversification in West China

Limited by the roof of the world: mountain radiations of Apollo swallowtails controlled by diversity-dependence processes

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