Patterns of sex differences in children's information processing with and without independence from g

Burns, Christine W.; Reynolds, Cecil R.

doi:10.1016/0022-4405(88)90003-9

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There have been some reports of girls scoring higher on standard intelligence assessments (e.g., Brooks-Gunn, 1986;Burns & Reynolds, 1988), yet others that detail no significant sex differences (e.g., Finegan, Nichols, & Sitarenios, 1992;Prior, Smart, Sanson, & Oberklaid, 1993). In summary, there does not appear to be a global cognitive advantage for girls.…”

Section: Typical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS)

Antshel¹,

AbdulSabur²,

Roizen³

et al. 2005

Developmental Neuropsychology

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Sex differences in cognitive functioning were investigated in children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a genetic defect caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q.11. The study population consisted of six groups: 50 boys with VCFS (M = 11.1, SD = 2.7), 40 girls with VCFS (M = 10.8, SD = 2.5), 13 male siblings of the participant with VCFS (M = 12.3, SD = 1.9), 17 female siblings of the participant with VCFS (M = 12.2, SD = 1.9), and a race- and gender-ratio-matched sample of 28 boy community control participants (M = 10.7, SD =2.4) and 19 girl community control participants (M = 9.2, SD =2.3). Each participant received a psychological assessment including intellectual and academic achievement as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging of his or her brain. Our results indicate that boys with VCFS may be more cognitively affected than girls. In addition, and although cross-sectional in nature, our results document a negative association between age and cognitive functioning in girls with VCFS but not in boys. Sex differences in frontal lobe volume are generally seen in the general population between boys and girls (boys > girls) and across all three samples, this trend emerged. Relative to boys with VCFS, girls with VCFS may be less cognitively affected, although age is negatively associated with cognitive functioning in girls with VCFS but not boys, suggesting that girls with VCFS may fail to maintain this cognitive advantage over boys.

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Section: Typical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS)

Antshel¹,

AbdulSabur²,

Roizen³

et al. 2005

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…Then, because of a possible influence of sex and age on MPS/ACH ( 31 , 40 , 41 ), we entered those in the regression model to control for the confounding effects. Against the ACH and MPS scores in K-ABC (i.e., dependent variable), the model included age, sex, IED frequency, child condition (TD vs. ASD), and interaction between the IED frequency and condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Magnetoencephalographic Interictal Epileptiform Discharge and Cognitive Function in Young Children With Typical Development and With Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2018

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Electroencephalograms of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show higher rates of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), which are known to have an inverse association with cognitive function in typically developed (TD) children. Nevertheless, that phenomenon has not been investigated adequately in children with ASD. From university and affiliated hospitals, 163 TD children (84 male, 79 female, aged 32–89 months) and 107 children (85 male, 22 female, aged 36–98 months) with ASD without clinical seizure were recruited. We assessed their cognitive function using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and recorded 10 min of MEG. Original waveforms were visually inspected. Then a linear regression model was applied to evaluate the association between the IED frequency and level of their cognitive function. Significantly higher rates of IEDs were found in the ASD group than in the TD group. In the TD group, we found significant negative correlation between mental processing scale scores (MPS) and the IED frequency. However, for the ASD group, we found significant positive correlation between MPS scores and the IED frequency. In terms of the achievement scale, correlation was not significant in either group. Although we found a correlative rather than a causal effect, typically developed children with higher IED frequency might better be followed up carefully. Furthermore, for children with ASD without clinical seizure, clinicians might consider IEDs as less harmful than those observed in TD children.

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“…Sellers et al [20] reported no differences in g between boys and girls aged three to seven based on the standardization sample of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised (WPPSI-R) [21]. Burns and Reynolds [22] detected an advantage for girls aged two to four on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children [23]. Palejwala and Fine [10] discovered a sex difference in g favoring girls aged two to seven on the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence—Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both biological and environmental factors have been proposed to explain sex differences in intelligence. Girls’ advantage in g in the early years has been explained by different rates of brain maturation between boys and girls [10,22,31]. Indeed, in a longitudinal neuroimaging study, evidence was found on girls’ earlier brain development [32] that may result in sex-specific developmental pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Similarities and Differences in Intelligence in Children Aged Two to Eight: Analysis of SON-R 2–8 Scores

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to investigate sex similarities and differences in visuospatial and fluid abilities and IQ scores based on those abilities in children aged two to eight. Standardization data from the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test for Children aged 2–8 (SON-R 2–8) were used. A representative sample composed of 965 children from the Netherlands and 762 children from Germany was examined. Small but significant mean sex differences favoring girls were observed until age four. At ages six and seven, boys achieved similar cognitive development levels to girls regarding all abilities assessed and outperformed girls on the Mosaics subtest measuring visuospatial cognition. Boys also displayed higher variability rates in performance. The distribution of IQ scores, with the overrepresentation of girls scoring above mean and the overrepresentation of boys scoring below mean in early childhood, altered with age towards parity between the sexes. The results suggest that girls tend to mature earlier with respect to cognitive abilities. During the course of development, however, the differences between girls and boys may become negligible.

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Patterns of sex differences in children's information processing with and without independence from g

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS)

Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS)

Association Between Magnetoencephalographic Interictal Epileptiform Discharge and Cognitive Function in Young Children With Typical Development and With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Sex Similarities and Differences in Intelligence in Children Aged Two to Eight: Analysis of SON-R 2–8 Scores

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