Patterns of seasonal demographic change in the alternate isomorphic stages of Mazzaella splendens (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Dyck, Leonard James; Wreede, Robert E. De

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-34-5-390.1

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These predictions are consistent with studies in British Columbia describing the numerical dominance of M. splendens sporophytes when and where wave exposure is greatest (i.e. within the exposure range occupied by M. splendens) (Dyck et al 1985, De Wreede & Green 1990, Dyck & De Wreede 1995. The shift in numerical dominance at the end of the summer, from gametophytes to sporophytes, may be due to fall storms culling the M. splendens population of gametophytes with greater planform areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The late summer peak in gametophyte reproduction (De Wreede & Green 1990) may decrease junction strength, thereby contributing to the susceptibility of this phase to fall storms. Hydrodynamic forces acting on blades are less likely to explain differences in phase abundance early in the growing season (De Wreede & Green 1990, Dyck & De Wreede 1995 when thalli are short and planform areas are still similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of morphology and tissue strength to blade survivorship of two closely related Rhodophyta species

Shaughnessy¹,

Wreede²,

Bell³

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, the wide-bladed red alga Mazzaella splendens occurs intertidally at low to intermediate wave exposure sites but not at adjacent high wave exposure intertidal sites that are occupied by the narrow-bladed sister species Mazzaella linearis. This study used morphological and biomechanical characteristics of both species to determine whether or not drag and acceleration forces could prevent blades of M. splendens from surviving at high exposure sites and hence account, in part, for their distributions For each species, these hydrodynamic forces were calculated for gametophyte and sporophyte phases and, when possible, short and long thalli. The most frequent break location when thalli were pulled by a spring-scale was the junction between the stipe and holdfast. The following predictions were made by a model that compared hydrodynamic forces which a blade would experience to the measured force required to break the stipe/holdfast junction: (1) long blades of M. splendens should not occur at high wave exposure sites, (2) within the range of wave exposure occupied by M. splendens, sporophytes should be more abundant than gametophytes when and where wave exposure is greatest and (3) long blades of M linearis are predicted to occur at high wave exposure sites. All 3 of these predictions agree with other studies of natural populations. Two predictions do not agree with field observations: (1) long M. linearis gametophytes are predicted to have greater survivorship at higher water velocities than long sporophytes but, in natural populations, sporophytes are actually more abundant when wave action is greater and (2) short blades of M. splendens are predicted to survive very high water velocities but, in reality, are absent from high wave exposure sites in Barkley Sound. The latter contradlct~on suggests that recruitment of M. splendens at high wave exposure sltes is prevented at a life history stage prior to the development of short blades.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of morphology and tissue strength to blade survivorship of two closely related Rhodophyta species

Shaughnessy¹,

Wreede²,

Bell³

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Wintertime reductions in algal populations frequently exceed 10-90% for intertidal macroalgae (e.g. Hansen and Doyle, 1976;Hansen, 1977;Foster, 1982;Dudgeon and Johnson, 1992;Dyck and DeWreede, 1995;Dyck and DeWreede, 2006a;Dyck and DeWreede, 2006b) and span from 2% to 94% for offshore kelp (Seymour et al, 1989). A few general terms for seaweed morphology will aid discussion of this breakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Mach

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYOn rocky shores, wave-swept macroalgae experience dramatic and repeated wave-induced hydrodynamic forces. However, previous studies of macroalgal mechanics have shown that individual waves are not forceful enough to account for observed rates of breakage. Instead, fatigue may contribute to algal breakage, with damage accumulating over time in conditions of repeated loading. Here I examine the entire process of fatigue, from crack initiation to eventual specimen fracture, in the common red alga Mazzaella. Propensity for fatigue failure in laboratory tests varied with life history phase and species: at a given repeated loading stress, male gametophytes endured more loading cycles before breakage than tetrasporophytes, which in turn lasted longer than female gametophytes; likewise, M. splendens withstood more loading cycles at a given repeated loading stress than M. flaccida. Fatigue failure begins with formation of cracks, the timing and location of which were assessed. Cracks formed, on average, after approximately 80-90% of cycles required for failure had passed, although crack timing varied with life history phase. Also, crack formation frequently occurred in association with endophytes and female gametophyte reproductive structures, suggesting a cost of endophyte infection and a tradeoff between reproduction and mechanical survival. Comparison between laboratory and field loading conditions provides robust confirmation that fatigue breaks fronds in natural M. flaccida populations. Large, female gametophyte fronds are predicted to be most susceptible to fatigue failure in the field, whereas small, male gametophyte fronds are least likely to break.

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“…Hansen and Doyle 1976, Hansen 1977, Dyck et al 1985 and the structure of populations might change over even longer time periods than seasons or years (Dyck et al 1985, De Wreede and Green 1990, Dyck and De Wreede 1995. Dyck and De Wreede (1995) demonstrated that seasonal alternation in life-history phase dominance in a Vancouver population of M. splendens was a result of variation in the rates of density change among the life-history phases of this species. Gametophytes dominated the population in summer, apparently as a result of their ability to increase in density more rapidly than tetrasporophytes during spring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ecological patterns include differences among life-history phases in terms of: growth; density; spatial and temporal distribution; perennation; biomechanical properties; salinity; desiccation tolerance; fertilisation success; spore production, germination and survival; and susceptibility to grazing (Craigie and Pringle 1978, Hannach and Santelices 1985, May 1986, Luxoro and Santelices 1989, De Wreede and Green 1990, Dyck and De Wreede 1995, Avila et al 1996, Lindgren and Åberg 1996, Carrington et al 2001, Fierst et al 2005, Guidone and Grace 2010, McLachlan et al 2011. However, Scrosati and De Wreede (1999) stressed the need for a combination of modelling and fieldwork to understand the G:T ratio within populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)

Neill

Nelson

Falshaw³

et al. 2016

Botanica Marina

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Sarcothalia lanceata is a New Zealand carrageenophyte with tetrasporophytic thalli that produce carrageenan very close to the idealised structure of lambda-carrageenan. As such there is interest in its potential for commercial utilisation. There is no information on the biology and ecology of natural populations of this species, but this knowledge is critical for determining whether a species is a suitable candidate for sustainable wild harvest or for aquaculture. Population studies were conducted at two sites in New Zealand's South Island in order to provide fundamental information on this species. The structure (abundance and composition of male, female, tetrasporophytic and non-reproductive clumps) of the two populations was assessed monthly over a year, and population biomass estimated using regression methods. Seasonal variation was not evident in most of the parameters measured, but differences between sites were found in total population density, the density of different life-history phases, and clump size and structure. The turnover in biomass occurs more frequently at the blade level than at the clump level and the presence of a basal crust in this species promotes population stability.

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Patterns of seasonal demographic change in the alternate isomorphic stages of Mazzaella splendens (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Consequences of morphology and tissue strength to blade survivorship of two closely related Rhodophyta species

Consequences of morphology and tissue strength to blade survivorship of two closely related Rhodophyta species

Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella

Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)

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