Patterns of reproductive success among reintroduced Atlantic salmon in two Lake Champlain tributaries

Prévost, Ashlee; Hill, Nicole L.; Grant, James W. A.; Ardren, William R.; Fraser, Dylan J.

doi:10.1007/s10592-019-01243-8

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The threshold for this population is slightly higher than thresholds calculated for other landlocked and anadromous Atlantic salmon populations (Amcoff, Börjeson, Lindeberg, & Norrgren, ; Werner et al, ), but this difference may be due to the rarity of thiamine‐replete individuals in the Lake Champlain population. The ubiquity of low egg thiamine in these samples is consistent with extremely limited reproductive success documented in Lake Champlain tributaries (Prévost, Hill, Grant, Ardren, & Fraser, in press).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Variability in gene expression measured across families with varying survival rates suggests that evolutionary rescue could occur in response to the withdrawal of thiamine treatments in this population (Carlson, Cunningham, & Westley, ), but more genetic, experimental and theoretical work is warranted. It is worth noting that there is minimal natural reproduction in Lake Champlain (Prévost et al, in press) and that all released salmon are treated with supplemental thiamine; this relaxed natural selection could be limiting the successful reintroduction of salmon into the wild.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

et al. 2019

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Variation in among‐family transcriptional responses to different environmental conditions can help to identify adaptive genetic variation, even prior to a selective event. Coupling differential gene expression with formal survival analyses allows for the disentanglement of treatment effects, required for understanding how individuals plastically respond to environmental stressors, from the adaptive genetic variation responsible for differential survival. We combined these two approaches to investigate responses to an emerging conservation issue, thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, in a threatened population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thiamine is an essential vitamin that is increasingly limited in many ecosystems. In Lake Champlain, Atlantic salmon cannot acquire thiamine in sufficient quantities to support natural reproduction; fertilized eggs must be reared in hatcheries and treated with supplemental thiamine. We evaluated transcriptional responses (via RNA sequencing) to thiamine treatment across families and found 3,616 genes differentially expressed between control (no supplemental thiamine) and treatment individuals. Fewer genes changed expression equally across families (i.e., additively) than exhibited genotype × environment interactions in response to thiamine. Differentially expressed genes were related to known physiological effects of thiamine deficiency, including oxidative stress, cardiovascular irregularities and neurological abnormalities. We also identified 1,446 putatively adaptive genes that were strongly associated with among‐family survival in the absence of thiamine treatment, many of which related to neurogenesis and visual perception. Our results highlight the utility of coupling RNA sequencing with formal survival analyses to identify candidate genes that underlie the among‐family variation in survival required for an adaptive response to natural selection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

et al. 2019

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“…Multiple studies did not find a positive relationship between LRS and body size (Berejikian et al, 2005 ; Dickerson et al, 2005 ; Evans et al, 2012 ; Garant et al, 2001 ; Garner et al, 2009 ; McLean et al, 2007 ; O'Malley et al, 2015 ; Prévost et al, 2020 ). However, the results from some of these studies may not be generalizable to natural populations because they tested the effects of body size in only jack males (O'Malley et al, 2015 ) and used hatchery‐origin fish produced from nonlocal origin and highly domesticated broodstock (McLean et al, 2007 ), or the experiment was conducted under artificial conditions (Berejikian et al, 2005 ), for example.…”

Section: Effects Of Life History and Phenotypic Variation On Lifetime Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids

Koch

Narum

2021

Evolutionary Applications

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Lifetime reproductive success (LRS), the number of offspring produced over an organism's lifetime, is a fundamental component of Darwinian fitness. For taxa such as salmonids with multiple species of conservation concern, understanding the factors affecting LRS is critical for the development and implementation of successful conservation management practices. Here, we reviewed the published literature to synthesize factors affecting LRS in salmonids including significant effects of hatchery rearing, life history, and phenotypic variation, and behavioral and spawning interactions. Additionally, we found that LRS is affected by competitive behavior on the spawning grounds, genetic compatibility, local adaptation, and hybridization. Our review of existing literature revealed limitations of LRS studies, and we emphasize the following areas that warrant further attention in future research: (1) expanding the range of studies assessing LRS across different life‐history strategies, specifically accounting for distinct reproductive and migratory phenotypes; (2) broadening the variety of species represented in salmonid fitness studies; (3) constructing multigenerational pedigrees to track long‐term fitness effects; (4) conducting LRS studies that investigate the effects of aquatic stressors, such as anthropogenic effects, pathogens, environmental factors in both freshwater and marine environments, and assessing overall body condition, and (5) utilizing appropriate statistical approaches to determine the factors that explain the greatest variation in fitness and providing information regarding biological significance, power limitations, and potential sources of error in salmonid parentage studies. Overall, this review emphasizes that studies of LRS have profoundly advanced scientific understanding of salmonid fitness, but substantial challenges need to be overcome to assist with long‐term recovery of these keystone species in aquatic ecosystems.

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“…In addition to increasing our understanding of the genes involved in thiamine deficiency, Harder et al (2020) also explore the possibility that Lake Champlain Atlantic salmon contain the genomic variation needed to adapt to survival under low thiamine conditions. Currently, the re‐introduction of Atlantic salmon into Lake Champlain depends on hatchery propagation because rates of natural reproduction are not sufficient for population maintenance (Prévost, Hill, Grant, Ardren, & Fraser, 2020). Eggs are treated with thiamine in the hatchery to alleviate the survival bottleneck caused by severe thiamine deficiency from the consumption of introduced alewife.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the re-introduction of Atlantic salmon into Lake Champlain depends on hatchery propagation because rates of natural reproduction are not sufficient for population maintenance (Prévost, Hill, Grant, Ardren, & Fraser, 2020). Eggs are treated with thiamine in the hatchery to alleviate the survival bottleneck caused by severe thiamine deficiency from the consumption of introduced alewife.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking gene expression patterns with survival studies elucidates adaptive potential in changing environments

Meek

2020

Molecular Ecology

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A major goal in ecology, evolution and conservation biology is understanding how species adapt to changing conditions and using that information to improve conservation actions. Primary to advancing our understanding of adaptation and adaptive potential is determining the causes and consequences of the genetic and phenotypic intraspecific variation that allows for adaptation. However, few studies have been able to link the variation present in molecular process under differing conditions to intraspecific variation in survival. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Harder et al explore the relationship between molecular process and survival to understand the adaptive variation underlying tolerance to low thiamine (vitamin B1, an essential micronutrient) conditions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thiamine is required for metabolic functioning, including energy production and nervous and cardiovascular system functioning. By combining controlled breeding and phenotyping with a survival study and transcriptomics, the authors are able to quantify among‐family differences in survival under low thiamine conditions. They find wide variation in survival among families, and this survival is linked to differences in gene expression patterns. Their study elucidates the importance of combining different data types to characterize within‐population phenotypic variation and understand how that variation may lead to genetic adaptation under stressful conditions.

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Patterns of reproductive success among reintroduced Atlantic salmon in two Lake Champlain tributaries

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

Among‐family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish

An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids

Linking gene expression patterns with survival studies elucidates adaptive potential in changing environments

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