PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY, AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CALIFORNIA POPULATIONS OF THE GENICULATE CORALLINE ALGA <i>LITHOTHRIX ASPERGILLUM</i> (RHODOPHYTA)<sup>1</sup>

Pearson, Elizabeth A.; Murray, Steven N.

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00753.x

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Such conditions include fragmented (Adjeroud et al., ) and marginal habitats (Baums et al., ), high disturbance frequency (Foster et al., ) or high stress related to human activities (Oliva et al., ). Many coral reef organisms can reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction, such as scleractinian corals (Harrison, ), hydrocorals (Lewis, ), coralline algae (Pearson & Murray, ) and sponges (Whalan, Johnson, Harvey, & Battershill, ). Environmental conditions vary greatly among coral reef habitats (e.g., temperature (Glynn, ), light (Vermeij & Bak, ), water flow (Monismith, ) and water quality conditions (Fabricius, )), and these conditions can impose divergent selection pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

et al. 2017

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Clonal populations are often characterized by reduced levels of genotypic diversity, which can translate into lower numbers of functional phenotypes, both of which impede adaptation. Study of partially clonal animals enables examination of the environmental settings under which clonal reproduction is favoured. Here, we gathered genotypic and phenotypic information from 3,651 georeferenced colonies of the fire coral Millepora platyphylla in five habitats with different hydrodynamic regimes in Moorea, French Polynesia. In the upper slope where waves break, most colonies grew as vertical sheets ("sheet tree") making them more vulnerable to fragmentation. Nearly all fire corals in the other habitats are encrusting or massive. The M. platyphylla population is highly clonal (80% of the colonies are clones), while characterized by the highest genotype diversity ever documented for terrestrial or marine populations (1,064 genotypes). The proportion of clones varies greatly among habitats (≥58%-97%) and clones (328 clonal lineages) are distributed perpendicularly from the reef crest, perfectly aligned with wave energy. There are six clonal lineages with clones dispersed in at least two adjacent habitats that strongly demonstrate phenotypic plasticity. Eighty per cent of the colonies in these lineages are "sheet tree" on the upper slope, while 80%-100% are encrusting or massive on the mid slope and back reef. This is a unique example of phenotypic plasticity among reef-building coral clones as corals typically have wave-tolerant growth forms in high-energy reef areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

et al. 2017

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“…Population differentiation has also been shown at scales of tens to hundreds of kilometres (e.g. Intasuwan et ai., 1993;Lu & Williams, 1994;Williams & Oi Fiori, 1996;Benzie et ai., 1997;Pearson & Murray, 1997;Sosa et al, 1996Sosa et al, , 199816 Kusumo & Oruehl, 2000) but only two studies we are aware of have explicitly tested for isolation by distance. Engel et al (1997) found a significant effect of isolation by distance in ten Graciiaria gracilis populations along the French coast (0-1000 km).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-island differentiation and between-island homogeneity: non-equilibrium population structure in the seaweedCladophoropsis membranacea(Chlorophyta) in the Canary Islands

Strate

Zande

Stam

et al. 2003

European Journal of Phycology

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The seaweed Cladophoropsis membranacea forms extensive mats of coalesced thalli on coral reefs and along rocky coastlines throughout the tropics and subtropics. In a previous study on Gran Canaria, small-scale dispersal distances were found to be limited to < 5 m and significant differentiation (F ST ) was detectable at distances as small as 5 km. Sl1ch strong, smallscale differentiation led to the prediction that strong isolation by distance (IBD) would be found unde'"a stepping stone model at larger spatial scales. In the present survey, 23 sites were sampled in the Canary Islands and one in the Cape Verde Islands. Using eight microsatellite loci analysed in an AMOVA framework, we determined that approximately 75% of the variation occurred within sites and approximately 25% between sites separated by 1-125 km. In a three-level AMOVA, only 6% of the variation was accounted for between islands (~100-300 km). Moderately strong IBD was found within islao.ds and Mantel tests revealed significant correlation for Gran Canaria and Tenerife but not for Fuerteventura. In contrast, there was no detectable IBD among the Canary Islands regardless of how geographic distances were computed. Only when the Canary Islands were compared with the Cape Verde Islands was strong IBD detected. Our seemingly paradoxical results of strong differentiation and IBD at small distances and weak to absent IBD at large distances reflect non-equilibrium conditions. In addition, the wide scatter of points we observed over all degrees of geographic separation is consistent with isolation in which drift dominates over gene flow. The lack of equilibrium in present-day populations of C. membranacea is probably mainly due to the fact that they are only thousands or even hundreds of years old. Therefore, population structure should be interpreted in terms of history rather than gene flow.

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“…But the absence of sexual fusion in the laboratory is not an absolute evidence of asexual populations, for gametogenesis might be missed owing to transient sexual reproduction or unfavourable conditions (Clayton, 1976(Clayton, , 1978(Clayton, , 1980Pedersen et al, 1987). Genetic population analysis facilitates their identification because genetic differences are expected between sexual and asexual populations (Innes and Yarish, 1984;Pearson and Murray, 1997;Kogame et al, 2005). So the present study only confirmed that there are sexual erect thalli of S. lomentaria in Dalian waters and the existence of the asexual erect thalli of S. lomentaria in this region needs further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2011

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Morphology and life history of a brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) were investigated from 2005 to 2009 in the coastal waters of Dalian, China. The erect thalli collected in the field were tubular, hollow, and commonly constricted at intervals. Ascocysts were presented. Plurilocular gametangia, which were positioned in continuous sori on the erect thallus surface, produced biflagellar gametes. Gametophytes were dioecious and gametes were nearly isogamous. Gametes fusion occurred in three types. Type one, female and male gametes fused directly while swimming; type two, female gamete settled first, with which a male one contacted and fused rapidly; type three, while settling adjacently, a male gamete's entire protoplast moved slowly into the previously settled female one, with only an empty cell membrane left. In culture zygotes developed into crustose sporophytes that formed unilocular sporangia. Biflagellar zoospores developed into erect thalli that formed plurilocular gametangia. The results indicated that a periodical heteromorphic alternation history with haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation exists in S. lomentaria of the Dalian populations.

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PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY, AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CALIFORNIA POPULATIONS OF THE GENICULATE CORALLINE ALGA LITHOTHRIX ASPERGILLUM (RHODOPHYTA)¹

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

Within-island differentiation and between-island homogeneity: non-equilibrium population structure in the seaweedCladophoropsis membranacea(Chlorophyta) in the Canary Islands

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

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PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY, AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CALIFORNIA POPULATIONS OF THE GENICULATE CORALLINE ALGA LITHOTHRIX ASPERGILLUM (RHODOPHYTA)1

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

Fire coral clones demonstrate phenotypic plasticity among reef habitats

Within-island differentiation and between-island homogeneity: non-equilibrium population structure in the seaweedCladophoropsis membranacea(Chlorophyta) in the Canary Islands

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

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PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY, AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN CALIFORNIA POPULATIONS OF THE GENICULATE CORALLINE ALGA LITHOTHRIX ASPERGILLUM (RHODOPHYTA)¹