Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Age Throughout the Lifespan

Amen, Daniel; Egan, Sachit; Meysami, Somayeh; Raji, Cyrus A.; George, Noble

doi:10.3233/jad-180598

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As detailed previously [13][14][15][16][17][18], all subjects received intravenous administration of an age-and weight-appropriate dose of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) for brain SPECT imaging. Each subject received a resting, or baseline, scan and a task or concentration scan on different days and discontinued medications on the day of scans.…”

Section: Brain Spect Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional neuroimaging remains an important resource in identifying potential risk factors for dementia [10], as well as age-related changes [11]. We have previously utilized SPECT functional neuroimaging to review and identify patterns of abnormality relevant to the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury [12,13], depression versus dementia classification [14], marijuana-related influences in the brain [15], omega-3 fatty acid associated improved cerebral blood flow [16], gender-related differences in the brain [17], and brain aging [18]. This work has been done with a quantitative approach in regions of interest with knowledge of psychiatric co-morbidities for use in multi-variable statistical modeling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults

Amen

George

et al. 2020

JAD

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Background: While obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, the potential mechanisms underlying this risk may be clarified with better understanding of underlying physiology in obese persons. Objective: To identify patterns of cerebral perfusion abnormality in adults as a function of body mass index (BMI) defined weight categories, including overweight or obese status. Methods: A large psychiatric cohort of 35,442 brain scans across 17,721 adults (mean age 40.8±16.2 years, range 18–94 years) were imaged with SPECT during baseline and concentration scans, the latter done after each participant completed the Connors Continuous Performance Test II. ANOVA was done to identify patterns of perfusion abnormality in this cohort across BMI designations of underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI 24.9 to 29.9), obesity (BMI≥30), and morbid obesity (BMI≥40). This analysis was done for 128 brain regions quantifying SPECT perfusion using the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Results: Across adulthood, higher BMI correlated with decreased perfusion on both resting and concentration brain SPECT scans. These are seen in virtually all brain regions, including those influenced by AD pathology such as the hippocampus. Conclusion: Greater BMI is associated with cerebral perfusion decreases in both resting and concentration SPECT scans across adulthood.

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Section: Brain Spect Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults

Amen

George

et al. 2020

JAD

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“…Thus, correction for hematocrit is important for accurate CBF measurements in ESKD. Our models were adjusted for age, 53 race, 54 sex, 55 and level of education. 56,57 Age in particular is associated with changes in brain volume and function, and age-related changes observed over many years could be In summary, abnormalities in CBF, neurochemical concentrations and white matter integrity in CKD are normalized with KT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each imaging modality (ASL, MRSI and DTI) was analyzed separately. Imaging data in controls, as well as pre- and post-KT groups were adjusted for covariates of age, 53 race, 54 sex, 55 and education level 56, 57 that can confound results. Since the exact time for KT is unpredictable, a linear mixed-model approach was used to account for repeated observations on participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalization of Cerebral Blood Flow, Neurochemicals, and White Matter Integrity After Kidney Transplantation

Lepping

Montgomery

Sharma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with abnormalities in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral neurochemical concentrations and white matter integrity, each of which are associated with adverse clinical consequences in the non-CKD population, and may explain the high prevalence of dementia and stroke in end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Since cognition improves after kidney transplantation (KT), we examined these brain abnormalities pre-to post-KT to identify potential reversibility in ESKD-associated brain abnormalities. Methods: We measured the effects of KT on CBF assessed by arterial spin labeling, cerebral neurochemical concentrations (N-acetylaspartate, choline, glutamate and glutamine, myo-inositol and total creatine) measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and white matter integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with diffusion tensor imaging. We used a linear mixed model analysis to compare longitudinal, repeated brain MRI measurements pre-KT, and 3 months and 12 months post-KT, and also compared findings with healthy controls. Results: 29 ESKD patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. 22 patients underwent post-KT MRI. CBF, which was higher pre-KT than in controls (p=0.003), decreased post-KT (p<0.0001) to values in controls. KT also normalized concentrations of osmotic neurochemicals choline (p<0.0001) and myo-inositol (p=0.0003) that were higher pre-KT compared to controls. Post-KT, FA increased (p=0.001) and MD decreased (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Brain abnormalities in CKD are reversible and normalize with KT. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these brain abnormalities and to explore interventions to mitigate them even in patients who cannot be transplanted.

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“…CBF patterns may also be studied in association with rehabilitation treatments, for example, to investigate if the treatment induces changes in the CBF-ICs and/or if responders and non-responders present with different CBF patterns at baseline. Finally, as variations in perfusion were observed in childhood, adolescence, and late life [44], assessing the evolution of consistent CBF-ICs throughout the lifespan may help in the understanding the influence of aging on the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent Cerebral Blood Flow Covariance Networks across Healthy Individuals and Their Similarity with Resting State Networks and Vascular Territories

et al. 2020

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) represents the local blood supply to the brain, and it can be considered a proxy for neuronal activation. Independent component analysis (ICA) can be applied to CBF maps to derive patterns of spatial covariance across subjects. In the present study, we aimed to assess the consistency of the independent components derived from CBF maps (CBF-ICs) across a cohort of 92 healthy individuals. Moreover, we evaluated the spatial similarity of CBF-ICs with respect to resting state networks (RSNs) and vascular territories (VTs). The data were acquired on a 1.5 T scanner using arterial spin labeling (ASL) and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Similarity was assessed considering the entire ASL dataset. Consistency was evaluated by splitting the dataset into subsamples according to three different criteria: (1) random split of age and sex-matched subjects, (2) elderly vs. young, and (3) males vs. females. After standard preprocessing, ICA was performed. Both consistency and similarity were assessed by visually comparing the CBF-ICs. Then, the degree of spatial overlap was quantified with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Frontal, left, and right occipital, cerebellar, and thalamic CBF-ICs were consistently identified among the subsamples, independently of age and sex, with fair to moderate overlap (0.2 < DSC ≤ 0.6). These regions are functional hubs, and their involvement in many neurodegenerative pathologies has been observed. As slight to moderate overlap (0.2< DSC < 0.5) was observed between CBF-ICs and some RSNs and VTs, CBF-ICs may mirror a combination of both functional and vascular brain properties.

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Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Age Throughout the Lifespan

Abstract: Brain SPECT can predict chronological age and this feature varies as a function of common psychiatric disorders.

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults

Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults

Normalization of Cerebral Blood Flow, Neurochemicals, and White Matter Integrity After Kidney Transplantation

Consistent Cerebral Blood Flow Covariance Networks across Healthy Individuals and Their Similarity with Resting State Networks and Vascular Territories

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