Patterns of rapid weight loss in elite sambo athletes

Drid, Patrik; Figlioli, Flavia; Lakičević, Nemanja; Gentile, Ambra; Štajer, Valdemar; Raskovic, Bojan; Vojvodic, Nina; Roklicer, Roberto; Trivić, Tatjana; Tabakov, Sergey; Eliseev, Sergey; Bianco, Antonino

doi:10.1186/s13102-021-00267-3

Cited by 20 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar findings were noted among male sambists, where senior athletes also regained more weight compared to juniors [ 16 ]. Furthermore, in the study by Drid et al [ 15 ], conducted with male and female sambo athletes, complementary results were obtained in terms of the methods and influences used during RWL. The most common methods in our study were gradual dieting and skipping meals, fluid restriction, and sauna use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of Rapid Weight Loss in Female Sambo Athletes

Todorović

Ranisavljev

Tapavički

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In combat sports, competitors are separated into weight divisions, to create equality between the athletes. Consequently, rapid weight loss (RWL) is a common practice in combat sports. Although the methods used to induce RWL are similar among athletes, currently, there are limited data concerning the RWL methodologies used by sambo athletes. Therefore, this study aimed at determining RWL procedures among female sambo athletes. Participants in the study were top-level athletes competing at the World Sambo Championship held in Novi Sad. A total sample of 47 female sambo athletes, of whom 24 were seniors (27.3 ± 4 year/age, 1.61 ± 0.09 m/height, 61.8 ± 8.87 kg/weight) and 23 juniors (18.7 ± 0.8 year/age, 1.66 ± 0.07 m/height, 63.7 ± 12.1 kg/weight), were examined in the study. To determine RWL methods, data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. As a result, 88.7% of the female sambo athletes declared that they intentionally cut their weight before the competition. The most commonly used methods were gradual dieting, followed by sauna, fluid restriction, and skipping meals. The most considerable influence on the RWL strategies of athletes came from coaches and personal trainers, while physicians and dietitians were far less influential. The results obtained from this representative sample highlight the most common practices concerning weight cutting prior to competition among females. Therefore, there is a need to inform and educate both athletes and coaches about the potentially harmful effects of RWL in combat sports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are limited data concerning RWL among sambo athletes. To date, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only two studies have examined the magnitude of RWL practices among sambo athletes [ 15 , 16 ]. This study used a similar database to the two previously mentioned studies, but examined different samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Rapid Weight Loss in Female Sambo Athletes

Todorović

Ranisavljev

Tapavički

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Very little in literature is present about physiological aspects of Sambo, e.g., [2,3], in particular, on lactate production during performance and on possible effects on cognitive domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentive Processes and Blood Lactate in the Sambo

Coco

Buscemi²,

Tušak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Sambo is a martial art and combat sport that originated in the Soviet Union. There are two main stiles, Sport Sambo and Combat Sambo which resembles modern mixed martial arts. Very little literature is available about physiological aspects of Sambo and, in particular, on the possible effects on cognitive domains. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there is a correlation between a blood lactate increase and the intensity and/or selectivity of attentions. Methods: Sixteen male athletes practicing Sambo for at least 5 years participated voluntarily in the study. Each athlete had to sustain, with an interval of one week, both a Sport Sambo match and a Combat Sambo match, each lasting 5 min. Blood lactate levels as well as attentive capacities were evaluated at three different times: at rest, i.e., 5 min before the start of the session (pre), at end of the session and 15 min after its conclusion. Reaction time protocol was used to evaluate the intensity of attention, whereas divided attention was assessed for analyzing the selectivity of attention together with errors and omissions. Results: Concerning Sport Sambo, blood lactate was 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session, reached a mean value of 3.40 mmol/L (±0.45 SD) at the end of the session (end) and returned to values similar to initial ones (a mean value of 1.98 mmol/L (±0.37 SD) after 15 min (15-end). None of the attentive parameters examined, showed statistically significant differences. Conversely, for Combat Sambo, it was found a significant increase in blood lactate levels that went from 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session (pre), to 4.76 mmol/L (±0.60 SD) at the end (end) and then back to values similar to those observed before the session 15 min after its conclusion (15-end), i.e., 1.97 mmol/L (±0.37 SD); however, after a Combat Sambo session increases in blood lactate were associated with significant worsening of attentional mechanisms. Conclusions: In conclusion, in all the participants, the worsening of attentional mechanisms was observed only after the Combat Sambo session in which blood lactate values exceeded 4 mmol/L. This figure, also known as the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA), is commonly used to determine the anaerobic threshold.

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“…No other gender differences appeared. It should be noted that nearly 90% of sambo athletes reported engaging in rapid weight loss (Drid et al, 2021), a practice that is defined as a ∼5% weight loss achieved over 5-7 days, which can certainly contribute to overall stress as shown in previous studies (Franchini et al, 2012). The researches available on the topic have shown that the exceptional circumstances of COVID-19 pandemic resulted in worsened mental health (O'Connor et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Living in the “Bubble”: Athletes' Psychological Profile During the Sambo World Championship

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we conduct daily life, as well as sports training and sports competitions. Given the stress produced by COVID-19, and the “bubble” safety measures for the World Sambo Championship, held in Novi Sad, from the 6th to the 8th of November, 2020, athletes might have experienced more stress than athletes normally would in non-pandemic conditions. Therefore, the current study aimed to create a psychological profile of sambo athletes participating in the Sambo World Championship and living in this condition.Methods: One-hundred-fifteen participants took part in the study, completing the Profile of Mood Scale (POMS), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. A mediation model with Fear of COVID-19 predicting both stress level directly and stress level through mood disturbance was hypothesized. Gender differences were evaluated through t-test.Results: The results showed that the sample presented higher levels of stress but no problems in sleeping. In particular, data analysis confirmed an indirect effect of Fear of COVID on Perceived stress through mood disturbance (β = 0.14, Z = 2.80, and p = 0.005), but did not have a significant impact on the direct effect (β = −0.04, Z = −0.48, and p = 0.63). Gender differences emerged in the perceived stress level (t = −2.86, df = 114, and p = 0.005) and daytime dysfunction (t = −2.52, df = 114, and p = 0.01) where females scored higher than males for both aspects.Conclusion: The athletes participating to the World Sambo Championship experienced stress levels determined by the mood disturbance produced by the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. Female athletes were more stressed and showed higher daytime dysfunction. The findings of the current study are useful to understand the psychological profile of the athletes competing in the “bubble” conditions during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Patterns of rapid weight loss in elite sambo athletes

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Principles of Rapid Weight Loss in Female Sambo Athletes

Principles of Rapid Weight Loss in Female Sambo Athletes

Attentive Processes and Blood Lactate in the Sambo

Living in the “Bubble”: Athletes' Psychological Profile During the Sambo World Championship

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