Patterns of Polymorphism and Between Species Divergence in the Enzymes of Central Metabolism

Eanes, Walter F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2383-3_2

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The x-Gpdh locus is of interest here, because it plays a central role in the primary energy metabolism in odonate and neopterygote insect flight muscles (Bewley et al, 1974;Barrio & Ayala, 1997). It has been shown in Drosophila melanogaster that one of three isozymic forms (Wright & Shaw, 1969;Bewley et al, 1974) provides the flight muscles with energy (Hansford & Sacktor, 1971;OBrien & Mac-Intyre, 1972a, b;Lakovaara et al, 1977;Eanes, 1994). It has also been shown that temporal and spatial clines exist in the 1-Gpdh locus of Dmsophila melanogaster (Johnson & Schaffer, 1973;Johnson, 1974), and that the different genotypes of this diallelic locus have temperature-dependent differences in their kinetic parameters (Miller et al, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The species delimitation problem applied to the Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in north Scandinavia

Drotz¹,

Saura²,

Nilsson³

2001

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Agabus bipustulatus (Linnaeus) is one of the most common aquatic beetles in Europe. Two species have been traditionally recognized within the Palaearctic Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in Scandinavia: a lowland form A. bipustulatus and a high-altitude form A. solieri Aube. The specific status of solieri has been debated for more than a century but no quantitative investigation has been made to evaluate the status of this taxon. In this study we show that there is no clear-cut delimitation between the two forms, either morphological or genetic, across an altitudinal gradient in north Scandinavia. Morphological differences between 22 populations were analysed separately for each sex with both thin-plate splines relative warp analysis and 'classical-length' morphometrics. Genetic variation at five polymorphic enzyme loci was analysed among seven populations. The morphological studies showed gradual variation correlated with altitude, in particular in the character that is traditionally used to separate solieri and bipustulatus, and in both the beetles' morphometric size and the lateral width of the metasternal plate, which is connected to flight capacity. The genetic study indicates that the a-Gpdh enzyme locus, which is involved in the transfer of energy to the flight muscles, i s evidently subject to directional selection. Only minor population differences were observed without this system. Subdivision was found in some populations and was probably caused by migration from outside or within the local population. The overall conclusion is that there is no clear-cut species delimitation between A. bipustulatus and A. solieri in north Scandinavia. This indicates that A. solieri is a cold-adapted altitudinal form of the variable A. bipustulatus; additional support for this is the finding of solieri 'look alikes' in cold springs in areas normally inhabited by bipustulatus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The species delimitation problem applied to the Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in north Scandinavia

Drotz¹,

Saura²,

Nilsson³

2001

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Second, genetic variation both contributes to the buffering of development and helps to ensure that every individual is a little bit different. Aside from bristle patterning in flies (Mackay 1995) and aspects of metabolism (Eanes 1994), not much is known about the molecular basis of either homeostasis or quantitative variation. Third, genetic variation is the basis of differential familial susceptibility to disease, including cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring genetic variation affects Drosophila photoreceptor determination

Polaczyk

Gasperini

Gibson

1998

Development Genes and Evolution

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The signal transduction pathway controlling determination of the identity of the R7 photoreceptor in the Drosophila eye is shown to harbor high levels of naturally occurring genetic variation. The number of ectopic R7 cells induced by the dosage-sensitive SevS11.1 transgene that encodes a mildly activated form of the Sevenless tyrosine kinase receptor is highly sensitive to the wild-type genetic background. Phenotypes range from complete suppression to massive overproduction of photoreceptors that exceeds reported effects of known single gene modifiers, and are to some extent sex-dependent. Signaling from the dominant gain-of-function Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (DER-Ellipse) mutations is also sensitive to the genetic backgrounds, but there is no correlation with the effects on SevS11.1. This implies that different genes and/or alleles modify the two activated receptor genotypes. The evolutionary significance of the existence of high levels of genetic variation in the absence of normal phenotypic variation is discussed.

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“…In this paper, as part of our effort to understand the population processes involved in the evolution and population genetics of glycolytic enzymes and the allozyme polymorphisms associated with them (Eanes 1994), we examine intraspecific nucleotide variation at the Tpi locus in samples of D. melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, as well as their divergence with Drosophila yakuba. This sequence-based approach was motivated by recent theoretical advances in the conceptualization of single gene evolution in a gene-genealogies framework (Hudson 1990(Hudson , 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) locus of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

Hasson

Wang²,

Zeng³

et al. 1998

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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DNA sequence variation in a 1.1-kb region including the coding portion of the Tpi locus was examined in 25 homozygous third-chromosome lines of Drosophila melanogaster, nine lines of Drosophila simulans, and one line of Drosophila yakuba. Our data show that the widespread allozyme polymorphism observed in cosmopolitan D. melanogaster is due to a glutamic acid substitution occurring in a phylogenetically conserved lysine that has been identified as part of the ''hinged-lid'' active site of the enzyme. This observation suggests that the replacement polymorphism may have important functional consequences. One replacement polymorphism was also observed in D. simulans, although its functional relevance is more difficult to assess, since it affects a site that is not strongly conserved. This amino acid change in D. simulans is associated with a single lineage possessing seven unique silent substitutions, which may be indicative of balancing selection or population subdivision. The absence of fixed amino acid differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans and only a single difference with D. yakuba suggests that triose phosphate isomerase is under strong functional constraint. Silent variation is slightly higher for D. melanogaster than for D. simulans. Finally, we outline the general lack of evidence for old balanced polymorphisms at allozyme loci in D. melanogaster.

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Patterns of Polymorphism and Between Species Divergence in the Enzymes of Central Metabolism

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

The species delimitation problem applied to the Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in north Scandinavia

The species delimitation problem applied to the Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in north Scandinavia

Naturally occurring genetic variation affects Drosophila photoreceptor determination

Nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) locus of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

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