Patterns of pollinator turnover and increasing diversity associated with urban habitats

Martins, Kyle T.; Gonzalez, Andrew; Lechowicz, Martin J.

doi:10.1007/s11252-017-0688-8

Cited by 83 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Understanding how urbanization impacts species assembly and biodiversity at the regional scale is important but equally important is to understand the mechanisms driving community assembly within cities and the role plaid by different UGS types in structuring urban biodiversity. In agreement with other studies in different cities (Lososová, Chytrý, Danihelka, Tichý, & Ricotta, 2016;Martins, Gonzalez, & Lechowicz, 2017), we show that most of the total TD (i.e. gamma TD) in Zurich comes from changes in species composition among UGS types (i.e.…”

Section: Mechanisms Shaping Biodiversity Within Cities: the Role Ofsupporting

confidence: 93%

The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city

Fournier

Frey

Moretti

2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Cities worldwide are characterized by unique human stressors that filter species based on their traits, potentially leading to biodiversity loss. The knowledge of which species are filtered and at which scale is important to gain a more mechanistic understanding of urban community assembly and to develop strategies to manage human impact on urban ecosystems. We investigate the ecological mechanisms shaping urban community assembly, taking into account changes across scales, taxa and urban green space types. Location City of Zurich, Switzerland. Taxon Carabid beetles and wild bees. Methods We use a large species occurrence and trait dataset with a high spatial resolution to assess the filtering effect of a medium‐sized city on a regional pool of potential colonists. We then assess the filtering from the urban pool to five widely distributed types of urban green spaces. Results We found that our model city selects for functionally similar but taxonomically diverse bee and carabid beetle species from the regional species pool. Within the city, community assembly processes vary among green space types and taxa resulting in important changes in community taxonomic and functional composition. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that urban community assembly is a multi‐scale process dominated by the strong environmental filtering from a regional to an urban species pool. This leads to the selection of species pre‐adapted to urban conditions. Spatial habitat heterogeneity within and among UGS types can maintain an important taxonomic diversity within cities. However, increasing urban functional diversity would require stronger management efforts that consider regional ecological processes.

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Section: Mechanisms Shaping Biodiversity Within Cities: the Role Ofsupporting

confidence: 93%

The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city

Fournier

Frey

Moretti

2020

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Urban wastelands, in contrast to managed parks and gardens, are usually dominated by ruderal plant species (Martins et al 2017). Many of them, e.g.…”

Section: Factors Explaining Wasteland Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastelands: their attractiveness and importance for preserving the diversity of wild bees in urban areas

Twerd

Banaszak‐Cibicka

2019

J Insect Conserv

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Urban wastelands are important substitute habitats for many insect species, but their value for the protection of wild bees is still poorly studied. We assessed species richness, abundance, and the diversity of wild bees in wastelands that differed in area (2-35 ha), stage of ecological succession, location (suburbs or closer to the city centre), and history of land use. In the investigated plots, we recorded 42% of all bee species reported from Poland. The attractiveness of wastelands was positively correlated with the coverage of blooming herbs, coverage of shrubs and low trees, and the area of the wasteland. An increase in isolation of the habitat patches, the percentage contribution of alien species, annuals, and low grasses (< 25 cm) negatively affected the diversity of Apiformes. Considering the history of land use, we found that the bees were most attracted to wastelands resulting from extractive industry (sand and clay pits), and grassy habitats located in the suburbs, e.g. at sites grazed earlier by sheep. Wastelands in areas directly influenced by the chemical industry were the least attractive to bees. Analyses of quantitative and qualitative similarity of bees in various habitat types showed that three habitat types were the most similar to grasslands in the suburbs (the least disturbed habitats): degraded grasslands located closer to the city centre, extraction pits, and old fields. The presented results indicate that urban wastelands, including some post-industrial sites, can be important secondary habitats for wild bees. Thus, proper management of urban natural resources should cover both the formally managed areas and the so-called unproductive spaces, which have been undervalued so far.

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“…However, less is known about variation in the degree to which bees are affected by these changes and research examining pollinator assemblages along spatial continua, such as urban-rural gradients, is limited and results vary. Some scholars have found that certain pollinators, such as bees, are positively associated with urbanization (Martins et al 2017;Theodorou et al 2017). Others have found that bee communities decline with increasing urbanization (Geslin et al 2016;Lagucki et al 2017;Ahrne et al 2009;Bates et al 2011;Choate et al 2018;Verboven et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee community response to local and landscape factors along an urban-rural gradient

2020

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Over a third of the world's crops require insect pollination, and reliance on pollination services for food continues to rise as human populations increase. Furthermore, as interest in urban agriculture has grown, so has a need for studies of urban pollinator ecology and pollination. Analyzing pollinator assemblages along a rural-urban gradient provides powerful mechanistic insight into how urbanization impacts pollinators. Yet, studies examining pollinators along urban-rural gradients are limited and results vary. Since pollinators vary tremendously in life history characteristics and respond to urbanization differently, studies from different regions would improve our understanding of pollinator response to urbanization. This study documents different bee assemblages along a high-plains semi-arid urban-rural gradient in Denver, Colorado, USA. Percent impervious surface was used to define the extent of urbanization at 12 sites and local and landscape characteristics were estimated using field assessments and geospatial analysis. Wild bees were collected and the relationships between urbanization and bee communities were explored using linear modeling. Overall, bee abundance and diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, suggesting that urban areas negatively impact bee communities. However, all bee guilds responded positively to local floral richness and negatively to the degree of landscape urbanization, suggesting that different types of bees responded similarly to urbanization. These findings suggest that providing a greater diversity of floral resources is key to mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization on pollinator communities.

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Patterns of pollinator turnover and increasing diversity associated with urban habitats

Cited by 83 publications

References 83 publications

The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city

The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city

Wastelands: their attractiveness and importance for preserving the diversity of wild bees in urban areas

Bee community response to local and landscape factors along an urban-rural gradient

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