Patterns of periodontal disease progression based on linear mixed models of clinical attachment loss

Abstract

Aim: The goal of the present longitudinal cohort study was to examine patterns of periodontal disease progression at progressing sites and subjects defined based on linear mixed models (LMM) of clinical attachment loss (CAL). Materials and Methods:A total of 113 periodontally healthy and 302 periodontitis subjects had their CAL calculated bimonthly for 12 months. LMMs were fitted for each site and the predicted CAL levels used to categorize their progression state.Participants were grouped based on the number of progressing sites into unchanged, transitional and active subjects. Patterns of periodontal disease progression were explored using descriptive statistics. Results:Progression occurred primarily at molars (50% of progressing sites) and interproximal sites (72%), affected a higher proportion of deep than shallow sites (2.7% versus 0.7%), and pocketing was the main mode of progression (49%). We found a low level of agreement (47%) between the LMM and traditional approaches to determine progression such as change in CAL ≥3 mm. Fourteen per cent of subjects were classified as active and among those 93% had periodontitis. The annual mean rate of progression for the active subjects was 0.35 mm/year.

Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults

“…Both person‐based and tooth‐based factors were significantly associated with risks of oral disease incidence. Our findings that periodontitis incidence or progression occurs significantly more often among molars and in the maxilla agree with a recent study (Teles et al., ). The longitudinal association between the combined healthy lifestyle score and the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss remained significant after adjusting for these person‐based and tooth‐based factors.…”

Biologic modelling of periodontal disease progression

“…While there is a substantial amount of literature demonstrating a wide array of individual biomarkers in serum, saliva and plaque, most studies have focused on differentiating these factors in periodontitis versus health, with a target of “diagnosing” periodontitis (Belstrom et al., ; Ebersole, Schuster, et al., ; Ebersole et al., ; Gursoy et al., ). In contrast, evidence is generally minimal focusing on predictive analytics in periodontal disease related to initiation of disease, progression of disease and response to therapy (Mdala et al., ; Teles et al., ). We previously compared biomarkers of gingivitis and periodontitis (Ebersole et al., ), as linked biological processes and showed unique salivary biomarker phenotypes (Nagarajan et al., ; Syndergaard et al., ).…”

Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section IV: Diagnosis

“…The progression of untreated periodontitis is known to be slow, therefore limiting the rapid clinical impact. 7 In this sense, periodontal physical examination still is based on the history of disease. Therefore, the most used diagnostic tool is periodontal probing, for the purpose of understanding both the inflammatory status (e.g.…”