Patterns of nasalance in a sample of normal gerontologic subjects

Hutchinson, John M.; Robinson, Kaloha L.; Nerbonne, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9924(78)90021-7

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most measures of the patterns of speech production have used young normal subjects. The few studies that focused on the effects of normal aging on the production of nasal consonants have shown weak or no effects of age on the patterns of speech output (Hutchinson, Robinson, and Nerbonne, 1978;Hoit, Watson, Hixon, McMahon, and Johnson, 1994). Given the inconclusive evidence in the literature, the inclusion of four age-matched normal speakers in the present study provided an important baseline from which to consider the aphasics' performance.…”

Section: Deficits In Nasal Consonant Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nasal consonant production in Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasics: Speech deficits and neuroanatomical correlates

et al. 2007

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The present study investigated the articulatory implementation deficits of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics and their potential neuroanatomical correlates. Five Broca's aphasics, two Wernicke's aphasics, and four age-matched normal speakers produced consonant-vowel-(consonant) real word tokens consisting of [m, n] followed by [i, e, a, o, u]. Three acoustic measures were analyzed corresponding to different properties of articulatory implementation: murmur duration (a measure of timing), amplitude of the first harmonic at consonantal release (a measure of articulatory coordination), and murmur amplitude over time (a measure of laryngeal control). Results showed that Broca's aphasics displayed impairments in all of these parameters, whereas Wernicke's aphasics only exhibited greater variability in the production of two of the parameters. The lesion extent data showed that damage in either Broca's area or the insula cortex was not predictive of the severity of the speech output impairment. Instead, lesions in the upper and lower motor face areas and the supplementary motor area resulted in the most severe implementation impairments. For the Wernicke's aphasics, the posterior areas (superior marginal gyrus, parietal, and sensory) appear to be involved in the retrieval and encoding of lexical forms for speech production, resulting in increased variability in speech production.

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Section: Deficits In Nasal Consonant Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nasal consonant production in Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasics: Speech deficits and neuroanatomical correlates

et al. 2007

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“…The degree of velar elevation differs for specific sounds (Bell-Berti, 1980) and is also dependent on phonetic context (Kuehn & Moon, 1998), prosodic factors such as position in an utterance and stress (Krakow, 1993), and speaking rate (Bell-Berti & Krakow, 1991a;Bell-Berti, Krakow, Gelfer, & Boyce, 1995;Bzoch, 1968;Kent, Carney, & Severeid, 1974;Kuehn, 1976;Moll & Shriner, 1967). VP function might also be influenced by age and gender (Hoit, Watson, Hixon, McMahon, & Johnson, 1994;Hutchinson, Robinson, & Nerbonne, 1978;McKerns & Bzoch, 1970;Seaver, Dalston, Leeper, & Adams, 1991;Thompson & Hixon, 1979;Zajac & Mayo, 1996;Zajac, 1997). A brief description of how each of these factors affects VP function and a detailed literature review on the effects of speaking rate on VP function follows.…”

Section: Velar Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

Gauster¹,

Yunusova²,

Zajac³

2010

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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This study investigated the effect of speaking rate on aerodynamic and acoustic measures of velopharyngeal (VP) function in 27 adult speakers (14 M, 13 F). The pressure-flow method (Warren & Dubois, 1964) was used to collect aerodynamic data of /m/ and /p/ segments in the word "hamper" and the utterances "Mama made some lemon jam" (MMJ) and "Buy Bobby a puppy" (BBP). A Nasometer was used to collect nasalance scores and nasalance distance for MMJ and BBP. Measures were collected under 4 speaking rate conditions (normal, fast, slow, and slowest). Results indicated that nasal airflow and VP orifice area were unaffected by speaking rate whereas intraoral pressure decreased as speaking rate slowed. Nasalance was greater for BBP at slow speaking rates and nasalance distance (MMJ -BBP) decreased at slow rates. The data was interpreted with respect to expectations set forward in the literature on normal and disordered speech motor control.ii "Curiosity has its own reason for existing" -Albert EinsteinTo everyone in my life who encouraged me to ask questions.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…When the velopharyngeal port is open during the production of nasal sounds (/m, n, and ng/ phonemes), sound energy is relatively unimpeded through the pharynx and nasal cavity. 5,10,18,22,37 Hypernasality is a resonance disorder that results from velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI). Specifically, in patients with hypernasality, oral sounds inappropriately resonate into the nasal cavity due to inadequate closure of the velopharyngeal valve.…”

Section: Resonance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with VPI were assumed as having hypernasality, which manifested as high nasalance scores. 5,10,18,22,37 Patients were asked to read 3 standard passages from the Thai Nasality Test. 25 The first passage is a nasal passage that is rich in nasal consonants (m, n, ng), for which the velopharyngeal valve remains open to allow sound transmission into the nasal cavity.…”

Section: Subjective/perceptual Assessment: Resonation Screening Test mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Hutchinson et al reported nasalance scores in older healthy subjects of 23% for males and 32% for females. 10 The other studies in mixed-age groups were IrishEnglish at 26%, 46 Flemish at 33.8%, 49 Korean at 34%, 37 and Cantonese at 35.4%. 51 The reason that these different languages could be taken into account is that the efficacy of the objective (instrument-based) measurements was based on speech stimulus items.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Bulbar dysfunction in normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study

Chankaew¹,

Srirabheebhat²,

Manochiopinig

et al. 2016

FOC

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OBJECTIVE Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is clinically characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence, as well as enlargement of the ventricles. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous publications regarding the correlation between bulbar dysfunction and NPH. The primary objective of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative prevalence of bulbar dysfunction in patients with NPH. Secondary objectives included assessing the results of surgery for swallowing, speech, gait, cognition, and urination, and evaluating the correlation between bulbar dysfunction and triad symptoms. METHODS Fifty-three patients with NPH who underwent shunt placement surgery at Siriraj Hospital were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for gait, cognition, urination, swallowing, and speech before and 6 months after shunt placement. Triad symptoms were assessed using standard methods. Bulbar dysfunctions were assessed using the Swallowing Problem Questionnaire, Thai Articulation Test, Resonation Screening Test (RST), and Thai Nasality Test. The Thai Speech Assessment Program and nasometer were used for objective speech measurement. RESULTS Preoperatively, 86% (43/50) of patients had swallowing problems and 75% (37/49) had speech problems, as measured by the RST. Postoperatively, there was significant improvement in swallowing (p < 0.001), speech problems by RST (p = 0.008), and voice volume (p = 0.009), but no significant change in the nasometer test. All triad symptoms were improved. There were significant correlations between swallowing impairment and gait disturbance (r = 0.358, p = 0.009), and RST and cognitive impairment (r = −0.502, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of bulbar dysfunction in patients with NPH. The results showed that the prevalence of bulbar dysfunction is very high. The correlation between bulbar dysfunction and the classic NPH triad has been documented and published. These bulbar symptoms also significantly improved after surgery. As such, bulbar dysfunction should be regarded as a core symptom that should be considered along with the classic triad in the clinical diagnosis and management of NPH.

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Patterns of nasalance in a sample of normal gerontologic subjects

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Nasal consonant production in Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasics: Speech deficits and neuroanatomical correlates

Nasal consonant production in Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasics: Speech deficits and neuroanatomical correlates

The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

Bulbar dysfunction in normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study

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