Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America

Malhi, Ripan S.; Breece, Katherine E.; Shook, Beth; Kaestle, Frederika A.; Chatters, James C.; Hackenberger, Steven; Smith, David Glenn

doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0023

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1 and Table S1). There is some evidence that it might also be present in the Bella Coola tribe (5,44) and among the Ojibwa (5, 45), based solely on the 16111 HVS-I marker. Looking southward, a significant incidence of B2a found in Mexico is confirmed both in tribal groups (42) and general populations (present study), but not in Central America (33,42).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes

Achilli

Perego

Lancioni

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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132

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In this study we evaluated migration models to the Americas by using the information contained in native mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from North America. Molecular and phylogeographic analyses of B2a mitogenomes, which are absent in Eskimo–Aleut and northern Na-Dene speakers, revealed that this haplogroup arose in North America ∼11–13 ka from one of the founder Paleo-Indian B2 mitogenomes. In contrast, haplogroup A2a, which is typical of Eskimo–Aleuts and Na-Dene, but also present in the easternmost Siberian groups, originated only 4–7 ka in Alaska, led to the first Paleo-Eskimo settlement of northern Canada and Greenland, and contributed to the formation of the Na-Dene gene pool. However, mitogenomes also show that Amerindians from northern North America, without any distinction between Na-Dene and non–Na-Dene, were heavily affected by an additional and distinctive Beringian genetic input. In conclusion, most mtDNA variation (along the double-continent) stems from the first wave from Beringia, which followed the Pacific coastal route. This was accompanied or followed by a second inland migratory event, marked by haplogroups X2a and C4c, which affected all Amerindian groups of Northern North America. Much later, the ancestral A2a carriers spread from Alaska, undertaking both a westward migration to Asia and an eastward expansion into the circumpolar regions of Canada. Thus, the first American founders left the greatest genetic mark but the original maternal makeup of North American Natives was subsequently reshaped by additional streams of gene flow and local population dynamics, making a three-wave view too simplistic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes

Achilli

Perego

Lancioni

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

132

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“…Ethnographic accounts document long-range population movements within the Americas long before the arrival of Europeans (Steward, 1959;Krauss and Golla, 1981;Hornborg, 2005), and recent studies have identified signatures of genetic and linguistic exchange between the migrants and their new neighbors (Bert et al, 2004;Malhi et al, 2004Malhi et al, , 2008Hunley and Long, 2005). These processes would also obscure evidence of earlier divergences related to the initial peopling of the Americas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of founder effects, gene flow, and European admixture on native American genetic diversity

Hunley

Healy

2011

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Recent studies have concluded that the global pattern of neutral genetic diversity in humans reflects a series of founder effects and population movements associated with our recent expansion out of Africa. In contrast, regional studies tend to emphasize the significance of more complex patterns of colonization, gene flow, and secondary population movements in shaping patterns of diversity. Our objective in this study is to examine how founder effects, gene flow, and European admixture have molded patterns of neutral genetic diversity in the Americas. Our strategy is to test the fit of a serial founder effects process to the pattern of neutral autosomal genetic variation and to examine the contribution of gene flow and European admixture to departures from fit. The genetic data consist of 678 autosomal microsatellite loci assayed by Wang and colleagues in 530 individuals in 29 widely distributed Native American populations. We find that previous evidence for serial founder effects in the Americas may be driven in part by high levels of European admixture in northern North America, intermediate levels in Central America, and low levels in eastern South America. Geographically patterned admixture may also account for previously reported genetic differences between Andean and Amazonian groups. Though admixture has obscured the precise details of precontact evolutionary processes, we find that genetic diversity is still largely hierarchically structured and that gene flow between neighboring groups has had surprisingly little impact on macrogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the Americas.

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“…Malhi et al (2004) identified lineage sharing as well as similar haplogroup frequencies between an ancient Northern Plateau group (the 500-1500 YBP Vantage site) and modern populations of the Northwest Coast, which they cited as evidence for a pre-1500 YBP population incursion from the Coastal/Subarctic region, possibly associated with the hypothesized expansion of Salishan-speaking peoples into the Northern Plateau.…”

Section: More Recent Ancient Samples (6000-200 Ybp)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Ancient DNA perspectives on American colonization and population history

Raff

Bolnick

Tackney

et al. 2011

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses have proven to be important tools in understanding human population dispersals, settlement patterns, interactions between prehistoric populations, and the development of regional population histories. Here, we review the published results of sixty-three human populations from throughout the Americas and compare the levels of diversity and geographic patterns of variation in the ancient samples with contemporary genetic variation in the Americas in order to investigate the evolution of the Native American gene pool over time. Our analysis of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies and prehistoric population genetic diversity presents a complex evolutionary picture. Although the broad genetic structure of American prehistoric populations appears to have been established relatively early, we nevertheless identify examples of genetic discontinuity over time in select regions. We discuss the implications this finding may have for our interpretation of the genetic evidence for the initial colonization of the Americas and its subsequent population history.

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Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes

Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes

The impact of founder effects, gene flow, and European admixture on native American genetic diversity

Ancient DNA perspectives on American colonization and population history

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