Patterns of Movement and Risk of HIV Infection in Rural Zimbabwe

Coffee, Megan; Garnett, Geoffrey P.; Mlilo, Makalima; Voeten, Hélène; Chandiwana, S.K.; Gregson, Simon

doi:10.1086/425270

Cited by 100 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since the first case of AIDS was notified in 1986, the prevalence of HIV infection has gradually risen in the different population groups [Mencarini et al, 1991;Lesens et al, 1997]. The country was largely isolated during the civil war, probably helping to limit the spread of the epidemic despite the high prevalence rates in neighboring countries like Zimbabwe [Coffee et al, 2005]. However, the prevalence of HIV infection has OR (95% CI): odds ratio (95% confidence intervals); the prevalence of HCV infection was too low for multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of replacement blood donors to study the epidemiology of major blood‐borne viruses in the general population of Maputo, Mozambique

Cunha

Plouzeau

Ingrand

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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The seroprevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Mozambique are poorly documented. The epidemiology of these infections was studied in the Maputo region. All donors attending the blood bank during the study period were interviewed and underwent serological and molecular tests for markers of virus exposure. Thus, 1,578 consecutive replacement blood donors were investigated, as they undergo no selection (other than their relation with a patient needing a transfusion), and may thus provide reliable estimates of the prevalence rates in the general population. The age-standardized prevalence rates among 15- to 49-year-old men and women were, respectively, 12.3 and 15.4% for HIV and 0.9 and 1.2% for HTLV. Low educational status (P = 0.014) and tattooing/scarification (P = 0.023) were predictive of HIV infection in multivariate analysis. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of markers of hepatotropic virus among men and women were, respectively, 10.6 and 4.5% for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 1.2 and 1.0% for anti-HCV, and 0 and 0% for anti-HDV. Two percent of donors had viral co-infections, involving most frequently the combination of HIV and HBsAg +. A significant association was found between anti-HIV and anti-HBc (P = 0.012). HBsAg was associated with the place of birth (P = 0.011) and a history of transfusion (P = 0.069). Smokers had higher seroprevalence rates than nonsmokers for HIV (P < 0.0001) and HBsAg (P = 0.045). Genotype A was the most frequent HBV genotype (86.3%) followed by E and D. HCV genotypes were 1a, 1b, 3a, and 5a. These results show that HBV vaccination and HIV-preventive measures need to be reinforced in Mozambique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of replacement blood donors to study the epidemiology of major blood‐borne viruses in the general population of Maputo, Mozambique

Cunha

Plouzeau

Ingrand

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In addition, migrant populations are often considered to be an important vector for the spread of HIV. 9 Finally, because rural-tourban migrants often remain in close contact with nonmigrant family and friends, they can play a role in the diffusion of urban contraceptive knowledge and fertility practices to their rural communities of origin. 10 For example, in an analysis of health survey data collected in rural Guatemala, having kin who had migrated to urban areas or to other countries was associated with greater contraceptive knowledge and a greater likelihood of modern method use.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Migration and Contraceptive Knowledge and Use in Guatemala

Lindstrom¹,

Hernández²

2006

IFPP

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“…Although it remains unclear to what extent the lessons from these case studies can be extrapolated across all mobile populations, they are, with some exceptions (Thomas, Haour-Knipe, & Aggleton, 2010) generally accepted. Beyond these well-known case studies, further investigation of the relationship between migration/mobility and HIV risk tests for statistically significant differences in HIV prevalence or sexual risk behaviours (or both) between 'non-mobile' and 'mobile' groups (Coffee et al, 2005;Khan et al, 2008;Kishamawe et al, 2006;Lagarde et al, 2003;Lydie et al, 2004;Mmbaga et al, 2008;Vissers et al, 2008). However, evidence from these studies is inconclusive, inconsistent, and in some cases contradictory, with no universal correlation between mobility and HIV risk for men or women (Deane, Parkhurst & Johnston 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: Evidence from Tanzania

Deane

Ngalya

Boniface

et al. 2016

Global Public Health

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Migration and population mobility has long been regarded as an important structural driver of HIV. Following initial concerns regarding the spatial spread of the disease, mobile populations are viewed to engage in higher levels of risky sexual behaviours than non-mobile groups. However, beyond the case studies of mineworkers and truck drivers, the statistical evidence is inconclusive, suggesting that the relationship between mobility and risk is not well understood. This study investigated how engaging in specific livelihoods that involve mobility influences sexual behaviour and HIV risk. A qualitative research project, including focus groups and in-depth interviews with key mobile groups, was conducted in Northern Tanzania. The findings show that the patterns and conditions of moving related to the requirements of each different economic activity influence the nature of relationships that mobile groups have whilst away, how and where local sexual networks are accessed, and the practicalities of having sex. This has further implications for condom use. Risk behaviours are also shaped by local sexual norms related to transactional sex, emphasising that the roles of mobility and gender are interrelated, overlapping, and difficult to disentangle.

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Patterns of Movement and Risk of HIV Infection in Rural Zimbabwe

Abstract: Rural-urban migration does not appear to be responsible for maintaining the high HIV prevalence in rural Zimbabwe, but rates of HIV infection may be affected by rural-rural migration.

Cited by 100 publications

References 24 publications

Use of replacement blood donors to study the epidemiology of major blood‐borne viruses in the general population of Maputo, Mozambique

Use of replacement blood donors to study the epidemiology of major blood‐borne viruses in the general population of Maputo, Mozambique

Internal Migration and Contraceptive Knowledge and Use in Guatemala

Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: Evidence from Tanzania

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