Patterns of Modulation in the Activity and Connectivity of Motor Cortex during the Repeated Generation of Movement Sequences

Gabitov, Ella; Manor, David; Karni, Avi

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00751

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Our results are limited to a relatively simple motor task and short-term training. Our training duration is compatible with respect to similar short-term learning studies reported in the literature (Gabitov et al, 2015;Mattar and Gribble, 2005). However, in short-term motor learning, there is a potential for bias from an unspecific arousal effect in the incongruent condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Neural Network Underlying Intermanual Skill Transfer in Humans

Ossmy

Mukamel

2016

Cell Reports

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Physical practice with one hand results in performance gains of the other (un-practiced) hand, yet the role of sensory feedback and underlying neurophysiology is unclear. Healthy subjects learned sequences of finger movements by physical training with their right hand while receiving real-time movement-based visual feedback via 3D virtual reality devices as if their immobile left hand was training. This manipulation resulted in significantly enhanced performance gain with the immobile hand, which was further increased when left-hand fingers were yoked to passively follow right-hand voluntary movements. Neuroimaging data show that, during training with manipulated visual feedback, activity in the left and right superior parietal lobule and their degree of coupling with motor and visual cortex, respectively, correlate with subsequent left-hand performance gain. These results point to a neural network subserving short-term motor skill learning and may have implications for developing new approaches for learning and rehabilitation in patients with unilateral motor deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Neural Network Underlying Intermanual Skill Transfer in Humans

Ossmy

Mukamel

2016

Cell Reports

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“…The results for the trained hand have been reported previously (Gabitov et al . , ). The performance test for each condition included four consecutive blocks of 30 s in duration separated by rest intervals of 30 s. Before each test‐block, participants were asked to perform the movement sequence, and the block was initiated only after the FOS was accurately reproduced three times in a row.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trained (left) hand was tested as well; the results are reported elsewhere (Gabitov et al . , ). The imaging session consisted of three consecutive runs for each sequence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning from the other limb's experience: sharing the ‘trained’ M1 representation of the motor sequence knowledge

Gabitov

Manor

Karni

2015

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Participants were scanned during the untrained‐hand performance of a motor sequence, intensively trained a day earlier, and also a similarly constructed but novel, untrained sequence.The superior performance levels for the trained, compared to the untrained sequence, were associated with a greater magnitude of activity within the primary motor cortex (M1), bilaterally, for the trained sequence.The differential responses in the ‘trained’ M1, ipsilateral to the untrained hand, were positively correlated with experience‐related differences in the functional connectivity between the ‘trained’ M1 and (1) its homologue and (2) the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) within the contralateral hemisphere.No significant correlation was evident between experience‐related differences in M1 – M1 and M1 – PMd connectivity measures.These results suggest that the transfer of sequence‐specific information between the two primary motor cortices is predominantly mediated by excitatory mechanisms driven by the ‘trained’ M1 via two independent neural pathways. AbstractFollowing unimanual training on a novel sequence of movements, sequence‐specific performance may improve overnight not only in the trained hand, but also in the hand afforded no actual physical experience. It is not clear, however, how transfer to the untrained hand is achieved. In the present study, we examined whether and how interaction between the two primary motor cortices contributes to the performance of a sequence of movements, extensively trained the day before, by the untrained hand. Acordingly, we studied participants during the untrained‐hand performance of a finger‐to‐thumb opposition sequence (FOS), intensively trained a day earlier (T‐FOS), and a similarly constructed, but novel, untrained FOS (U‐FOS). Changes in neural signals driven by task performance were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. To minimize potential differences as a result of the rate of sequence execution per se, participants performed both sequences at an identical paced rate. The analyses showed that the superior fluency in executing the T‐FOS compared to the U‐FOS was associated with higher activity within the primary motor cortex (M1), bilaterally, for the T‐FOS. The differential responses in the ‘trained’ M1 were positively correlated with experience‐related differences in the functional connectivity between the ‘trained’ M1 and (1) its left homologue and (2) the left dorsal premotor cortex. However, no significant correlation was evident between the changes in connectivity in these two routes. These results suggest that the transfer of sequence‐specific information between the two primary motor cortices is predominantly mediated by excitatory mechanisms driven by the ‘trained’ M1 via at least two independent neural pathways.

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“…Furthermore, a role for sleep, specifically SWS, was suggested in the selective maintenance and promotion of the dendritic spines relevant to task performance (Yang et al, 2014). Recent fMRI experiments suggest the possibility of a selective effect of an overnight consolidation interval in young human adults at the systems level as well (Gabitov et al, 2014(Gabitov et al, , 2015. Notably, the execution of a consolidated finger opposition sequence was characterized by a distinct dynamic pattern (repetition enhancement) in the contralateral M1 and, bilaterally in the medial-temporal lobes.…”

Section: Consolidation and Transformation In ''Non-declarative'' Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consolidation and Transformation of Memory

Dudai

Karni

Born

2015

Neuron

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548

487

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Memory consolidation refers to the transformation over time of experience-dependent internal representations and their neurobiological underpinnings. The process is assumed to be embodied in synaptic and cellular modifications at brain circuits in which the memory is initially encoded and to proceed by recurrent reactivations, both during wakefulness and during sleep, culminating in the distribution of information to additional locales and integration of new information into existing knowledge. We present snapshots of our current knowledge and gaps in knowledge concerning the progress of consolidation over time and the cognitive architecture that supports it and shapes our long-term memories.

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Patterns of Modulation in the Activity and Connectivity of Motor Cortex during the Repeated Generation of Movement Sequences

Cited by 27 publications

References 103 publications

Neural Network Underlying Intermanual Skill Transfer in Humans

Neural Network Underlying Intermanual Skill Transfer in Humans

Learning from the other limb's experience: sharing the ‘trained’ M1 representation of the motor sequence knowledge

The Consolidation and Transformation of Memory

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