Patterns of Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in the Invasive Pest Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a horticultural pest of Australia and New Zealand that has more recently invaded Hawaii, Europe, and California. A 2,216-bp region of the mitochondrial genome containing the cytochrome oxidase I and II genes was sequenced from 752 individuals. Haplotype network analyses revealed a major split between a predominantly Western Australian clade and all other samples, suggestive of either a deep genetic divergence or a cryptic species. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were highest in the country of origin, Australia, and in New Zealand populations, with evidence of haplotype sharing between New Zealand and Tasmania. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were higher in California than within the British Isles or Hawaii. From the total of 96 haplotypes, seven were found in California, of which four were private. Within California, there have been at least two introductions; based on genetic diversity we were unable to assign a likely source for a single moth found and eradicated in Los Angeles in 2007; however, our data suggest it is unlikely that Hawaii and the British Isles are sources of the major E. postvittana population found throughout the rest of the state since 2006.

Global Genetic Differentiation in a Cosmopolitan Pest of Stored Beans: Effects of Geography, Host-Plant Usage and Anthropogenic Factors

“…We suggest that the differentiation among hosts in C. maculatus is due to multiple invasions on novel hosts by different alleles, particularly in Asia. Geographic effects [8] that are larger than host-plant effects [10] have also been reported in cosmopolitan moths, the apple moth and the fruit moth, although among-continental differentiation seems more pronounced in those pests than in C. maculatus (Table 2). This may be partly due to a higher frequency of anthropogenic cross-continental dispersal in C. maculatus , aided by human trade of host beans than in these moths.…”

“…In crop pests, the trade of crops across the world tends to generate a global mixing of genetic variants in pest populations, whether these were generated and maintained either allopatrically (e.g., [1],[2]) or sympatrically (e.g., [3],[4]). However, the relative contributions of allopatric or sympatric genetic differentiation versus global genotypic intermixing by natural [5] or human-aided [6]–[8] dispersal to global (continental and island) population structures has rarely been evaluated quantitatively (but see [9],[10]). …”

Molecular identification of the prey range of the invasiveAsian paper wasp

“…However, several of the introduced species are considered pests, and some of them are economically important (Tooman et al. ).…”

Genetic Diversity of <I>Bactrocera dorsalis</I> (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Hawaiian Islands: Implications for an Introduction Pathway Into California

“…Consequently, a simple model of reintroduction into California from Hawaiian sources cannot explain the observed data. Previous studies on the light brown apple moth in California revealed a similar pattern: genetic diversity within Hawaii was too low to explain the genetic types sampled from California (Rubinoff et al 2011, Tooman et al 2011.…”

“…All ßies are analyzed using a 1,500-bp fragment of COI that includes the 5Ј end of the gene commonly used for DNA barcoding (Hebert et al 2003) and the 3Ј end of the gene most often used for oriental fruit ßy genetic studies (e.g., Shi et al 2012). Although genetic estimates based on mitochondrial DNA can fail to estimate the true diversity within a species or population (Meiklejohn et al 2007, Sun et al 2007, mitochondrial DNA sequences provide useful information for evaluating population structure and distinguishing insect populations (Shi et al 2005, Barr 2009, Tooman et al 2011). Accordingly, we use DNA sequences to 1) determine if each island lacks population structure (i.e., populations are genetically interchangeable on an island), 2) determine if the archipelago lacks population structure (i.e., populations are interchangeable across islands), and 3) characterize the level of genetic variation for these populations.…”