Patterns of Marital Change and Parent-Child Interaction

Protective Factors and the Development of Resilience in the Context of Neighborhood Disadvantage

“…Marital Quality-Much research has focused on how the quality of the marriage may affect parenting and the parent-child relationship, for example, by increasing the parent's psychosocial resources and ability to consistently deal with child behavior (e.g., Belsky et al 1991). Direct associations between marital quality and various child outcomes also have been demonstrated (Cummings et al 2004).…”

“…For example, a positive marital relationship may increase children's emotional security, which in turn can affect their ability to cope with daily stressors (Davies and Cummings 1994). Conversely, marital relationships characterized by low conflict or the use of constructive tactics to resolve conflict have been associated with low levels of child adjustment problems (Belsky et al 1991;Cummings et al 2004). Marital quality also has been positively associated with a range of positive child outcomes (Belsky 1996;Porter et al 2003).…”

Family relationships during infancy and later mother and father vocabulary use with young children

“…It has been well-documented that mothers and fathers in more harmonious, satisfied, and low-conflict marriages during children's infancy have more positive attitudes toward their children, participate in more caregiving activities, report greater satisfaction in parenting, and demonstrate more engagement, responsiveness, warmth, and support in parent-child interactions in dyadic and triadic family contexts (Belsky, Youngblade, Rovine, & Volling, 1991;Cox, Owen, Lewis, & Henderson, 1989;Feldman, Nash, & Aschenbrenner, 1983;Goldberg & Easterbrooks, 1984;Grych, 2002;Kitzmann, 2000;.…”

Externalizing in preschoolers and early adolescents: A cross-study replication of a family model.

“…Some have proposed that the marital relationship provides the primary cognitive, emotional, and physical support for parents, and thus, the state of their relationship as a couple affects their parenting behaviors and, in turn, the child's adjustment (Belsky, 1984;Belsky, Youngblade, Rovine, & Volling, 1991; C. P. Cowan & Cowan, 1988;Crnic, Greenberg, Ragozin, Robinson, & Basham, 1983;Dickie, 1987). Impressive correlations between prebirth marital quality and parenting behavior with infants have been documented in several samples (Cox, Owen, Lewis, & Henderson, 1989;Grossman, Eichler, & Winikoff, 1980;Heinicke et al, 1986;Lewis, Tresch-Owen, & Cox, 1988).…”