Patterns of ischaemic cerebral diseases

Ferro, José M.

doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0280-z

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Previous studies indicated MAIs were usually related to LAA, CE and cryptogenic, according to the TOAST classification [6, 7]. There was evidence showed that the pathogenesis of MAIs was likely to be caused by the embolism from heart or major extracranial/intracranial vessels [6, 7, 32, 33]. Hemodynamic failure and microembolization were the pathogenesis of border-zone infarctions [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does all single infarction have lower risk of stroke recurrence than multiple infarctions in minor stroke?

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSingle acute infarction (SAI) usually had lower risk of stroke recurrence than multiple acute infarctions (MAIs) in minor stroke. To evaluate whether all SAI had lower risk of stroke recurrence than MAIs in minor stroke.MethodsWe derived data from the imaging subgroup of the Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial. Minor stroke were categorized into SAI and MAIs by infarction numbers in diffusion weighted imaging. SAI were classified as lacunar infarction and non-lacunar infarction. The outcome was stroke recurrence within one-year follow-up. We assessed the associations between infarction patterns and stroke recurrence using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsOverall, 834 patients with minor stroke were included in this subgroup, 553 SAI (381 lacunar infarction, 172 non-lacunar infarction) and 281 MAIs. The rate of stroke recurrence was 7.6%, 15.1% and 15.3% in lacunar infarction of SAI, non-lacunar infarction of SAI and MAIs at one year, respectively. Compared with MAIs, lacunar infarction of SAI had lower risk of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.80, P = 0.009), but not in non-lacunar infarction of SAI (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.60–1.69, P = 0.98).ConclusionsLacunar infarction of SAI have lower risk of stroke recurrence than MAIs, while non-lacunar infarction of SAI might have similar risk as MAIs. Except for the number of infarctions, size and location should also be considered to stratify risk of stroke recurrence in minor stroke.Trial registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00979589. Date of registration: September 2009.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-018-1215-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does all single infarction have lower risk of stroke recurrence than multiple infarctions in minor stroke?

et al. 2019

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“…[13] The mechanism by which intramuscular BoNT/A injection decreases pain may include a muscle relaxant effect and inhibition of the release of neurotransmitters by sensory neurons. [14]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical effectiveness of ultrasound guided subacromial-subdeltoid bursa injection of botulinum toxin type A in hemiplegic shoulder pain

Song

et al. 2019

Medicine

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Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP), which occurs in most patients with hemiplegia, causes considerable distress and worsens outcomes in rehabilitation. Although they have received the treatments such as anti-inflammatory drugs or physical therapy, many of the individuals remain suffering from shoulder pain 6 months after acute stroke event. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effectiveness of ultrasound guided subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursa injections with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) compared to steroids for refractory HSP.The data were collected retrospectively by reviewing the patient's medical records and pain questionnaires in our rehabilitation center. In total, 38 patients who received ultrasound guided SASD bursa injection (BoNT/A group, n = 18; corticosteroid group, n = 20) were included. The pain visual analog scale (VAS) score at rest and during arm passive abduction, Fugl-Meyer score of upper limbs (F-M score) were evaluated before, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injection.Both 2 groups obtained a significant improvement of VAS score at rest or during arms passive abduction compared to baseline score (within group compare, P < .05). There were no significant differences of pain score improvement between two groups at week 2, 4, 8, and 12 after injection either at rest or during passive arm abduction (between 2 groups compare, P > .05). There were also no differences in results of the post treatment F-M score between 2 groups (between 2 groups compare, P > .05). Similarly, during the follow-up period no collateral effects were reported after BoNT/A injection.SASD bursa BoNT/A injection can substantially reduce the pain as corticosteroid in patients with HSP. BoNT/A injection could be a useful strategy for replacing steroids as a treatment for refractory HSP especially in the patients who cannot tolerate the steroids injection.

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“…NE is increased in chronic pain, and ATP is involved in the stimulation of muscle nociceptors. It has been postulated that BTX-A may inhibit the release of these neurotransmitters and produce analgesic effect in cases of sympathetically maintained pain involved in complex regional pain syndrome [15]. …”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Botulinum Toxin (Btx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BTX-A) in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Verma¹

2013

Pain Research and Treatment

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Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a clinical condition characterized by paroxysmal attacks of severe and electric shock-like pain along the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Various medicinal or surgical modalities have been employed in the past with variable success. Newer methods were tried in search of permanent cure or long-lasting pain relief. The purpose of this paper is to present the review of the literature regarding the use of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) in the management of trigeminal neuralgia.

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Patterns of ischaemic cerebral diseases

Cited by 13 publications

References 84 publications

Does all single infarction have lower risk of stroke recurrence than multiple infarctions in minor stroke?

Does all single infarction have lower risk of stroke recurrence than multiple infarctions in minor stroke?

Clinical effectiveness of ultrasound guided subacromial-subdeltoid bursa injection of botulinum toxin type A in hemiplegic shoulder pain

Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BTX-A) in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia

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