Patterns of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in South India

Thirunavukarasu, Dharmalingam; Udhaya, V.; Iqbal, Hussain Syed; Umaarasu, Thirunavukkarasu

doi:10.1177/2325957415603508

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Africa had the highest number of articles identified in the search of any region (n=30) . However, the European region had the highest number of participants for analysis of pretreatment resistance mutations (n=33,957 for NRTI-associated mutations; n=34,201 for NNRTI-associated mutations) [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], and Southeast Asia had the highest number of participants for analysis of acquired resistance mutations (n=26,772 for NRTI-associated mutations; 26,568 for NNRTI-associated mutations) [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These DRMs included those at positions V179 (6%; n=21/377), E138 (2%; n=9/377) and Y181 (1%; n=22/1,974); the rest were <1%. Data were available for 26,772 and 26,568 individuals in Southeast Asia for 3TC/FTC-and RPVassociated acquired DRMs, respectively (Supplemental Tables 23 and 24 in Additional file 1) [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. There were NRTI-resistant DRMs in 57% (n=13,976/24,602) of individuals and NNRTI-resistant DRMs in 69% (n=18,287/26,409).…”

Section: Regional Prevalence Estimates: Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Pretreatment and Acquired HIV-1 Mutations Associated with Resistance to Lamivudine or Rilpivirine: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Background: Pretreatment and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRMs) can limit antiretroviral therapy effectiveness. Methods: We review prevalence of DRMs with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), focusing on lamivudine and rilpivirine, from 127 articles with >100,000 individuals with HIV-1 infection. Results: Estimated global prevalence of pretreatment resistance to any NRTI was 4% and to any NNRTI was 6%.Most prevalent DRMs resistant to lamivudine or rilpivirine were at positions E138 (4%), V179 (1%) and M184 (1%). Estimated acquired DRM prevalence was 58% for any NRTIs and 67% for any NNRTIs, most frequently at positions M184 (58%) and Y181 (21%). Conclusions: This review suggests low risk of lamivudineor rilpivirine-resistant mutations in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Prevalence Estimates: Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Pretreatment and Acquired HIV-1 Mutations Associated with Resistance to Lamivudine or Rilpivirine: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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“…TAMs confers crossresistance to nucleoside analogues, potentially affecting first cART regimens, as may prevent the use of another NRTI in subsequent regimens, and could result in the replacement of the ARV class. [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil

Chaves¹,

Pereira

Pinheiro³

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Virologic failure may occur because of poor treatment adherence and/or viral drug resistance mutations (DRM). In Brazil, the northern region exhibits the worst epidemiological scenarios for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and DRM in Manaus. The cross-sectional study included people living with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy and who had experienced virological failure during 2018-2019. Sequencing of the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) and C2V3 of the viral envelope gp120 (Env) regions was analyzed to determine subtypes/variants of HIV-1, DRMs, and tropism. Ninety-two individuals were analyzed in the study. Approximately 72% of them were male and 74% self-declared as heterosexual. Phylogenetic inference (PR/RT-Env) showed that most sequences were B subtype, followed by BF1 or B C mosaic genomes and few F1 and C sequences. Among the variants of subtype B at PR/RT, 84.3% were pandemic ( B PAN ), and 15.7% were Caribbean ( B CAR ). The DRMs most frequent were M184I/V (82.9%) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), K103N/S (63.4%) for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and V82A/L/M (7.3%) for protease inhibitors (PI). DRM analysis depicted high levels of resistance for lamivudine and efavirenz in over 82.9% of individuals; although, low (7.7%) cross-resistance to etravirine was observed. A low level of resistance to protease inhibitors was found and included patients that take atazanavir/ritonavir (16.6%) and lopinavir (11.1%), which confirms that these antiretrovirals can be used—for most individuals. The thymidine analog mutations-2 (TAM-2) resistance pathway was higher in B CAR than in B PAN . Similar results from other Brazilian studies regarding HIV drug resistance were observed; however, we underscore a need for additional studies regarding subtype B CAR variants. Molecular epidemiology studies are an important tool for monitoring the prevalence of HIV drug resistance and can influence the public health policies.

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HIV drug resistance following a decade of the free antiretroviral therapy programme in India: A review

Karade

Chaturbhuj

Sen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Patterns of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in South India

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of Pretreatment and Acquired HIV-1 Mutations Associated with Resistance to Lamivudine or Rilpivirine: A Systematic Review

Prevalence of Pretreatment and Acquired HIV-1 Mutations Associated with Resistance to Lamivudine or Rilpivirine: A Systematic Review

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil

HIV drug resistance following a decade of the free antiretroviral therapy programme in India: A review

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