Patterns of Heart Rate Dynamics in Healthy Aging Population: Insights from Machine Learning Methods

Abstract

Costa et. al (Frontiers in Physiology (2017) 8255) proved that abnormal features of heart rate variability (HRV) can be discerned by the presence of particular patterns in a signal of time intervals between subsequent heart contractions, called RR intervals. In the following, the statistics of these patterns, quantified using entropic tools, are explored in order to uncover the specifics of the dynamics of heart contraction based on RR intervals. The 33 measures of HRV (standard and new ones) were estimated from four hour nocturnal recordings obtained from 181 healthy people of different ages and analyzed with the machine learning methods. The validation of the methods was based on the results obtained from shuffled data. The exploratory factor analysis provided five factors driving the HRV. We hypothesize that these factors could be related to the commonly assumed physiological sources of HRV: (i) activity of the vagal nervous system; (ii) dynamical balance in the autonomic nervous system; (iii) sympathetic activity; (iv) homeostatic stability; and (v) humoral effects. In particular, the indices describing patterns: their total volume, as well as their distribution, showed important aspects of the organization of the ANS control: the presence or absence of a strong correlation between the patterns’ indices, which distinguished the original rhythms of people from their shuffled representatives. Supposing that the dynamic organization of RR intervals is age dependent, classification with the support vector machines was performed. The classification results proved to be strongly dependent on the parameters of the methods used, therefore determining that the age group was not obvious.

Private Weakly-Random Sequences from Human Heart Rate for Quantum Amplification

“…The current calculations are based on the series presented in [42] and [43], i.e., on the signals collected for the research, which was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Medical University of Gda ńsk, as carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration (Decision numbers: NKEBN/142/2009 and NKBBN/142-653/2019).…”

Private Weakly-Random Sequences from Human Heart Rate for Quantum Amplification

“…The current calculations are based on the series presented in [ 42 , 43 ], i.e., on the signals collected for the research, which was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Medical University of Gdańsk, as carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration (Decision numbers: NKEBN/142/2009 and NKBBN/142-653/2019).…”

Assessing Complexity in Physiological Systems through Biomedical Signals Analysis

“…Regarding the cardiovascular system, the work of Makowiec and Wdowczyk [ 7 ] explores patterns of heart rate variability from night-time electrocardiographic recordings, making use of entropic measures and machine learning methods. Their exploratory analysis indicates that five main factors, possibly associated with vagal and cardiac sympathetic outflows, autonomic balance, homeostatic stability, and humoral effects, drive the complex heart rate dynamics.…”